rak

See also: Rak, RAK, rák, Rák, râk, ra·k, and rąk

Breton

Conjunction

rak

    1. because

    Preposition

    rak

    1. before

    Inflection
      Personal forms of rak  
    singular plural
    1 razon 1 razomp
    2 razout 2 razoc'h
    3 m razañ 3 razo
    3 f razi
    imp. razor

    Crimean Tatar

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Russian рак (rak).

    Noun

    rak

    1. cancer

    Declension
    Declension of rak
    singular plural
    nominative rak raklar
    genitive raknıñ raklarnıñ
    dative rakqa raklarğa
    accusative raknı raklarnı
    locative rakta raklarda
    ablative raktan raklardan

    References
    • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
    • “rak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

    Czech

    Etymology

    Inherited from Old Czech rak, from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [ˈrak]
    • Rhymes: -ak

    Noun

    rak m anim

    1. crayfish
    2. (colloquial, archaic) cancer
      Synonym: rakovina

    Declension
    Declension of rak (velar masculine animate)
    singular plural
    nominative rak raci
    genitive raka raků
    dative rakovi, raku rakům
    accusative raka raky
    vocative raku raci
    locative rakovi, raku racích
    instrumental rakem raky

    Derived terms

    See also

    Further reading
    • rak in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
    • rak in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
    • rak in Internetová jazyková příručka

    Danish

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /rak/, [ʁɑɡ̊]

    Noun

    rak n (singular definite rakket, not used in plural form)

    1. rabble, riffraff
      Få så det rak væk! Det skræmmer kunderne væk.
      Get that rabble away! It scares off the customers.

    Verb

    rak

    1. imperative of rakke

    Dutch

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /rɑk/
    • Hyphenation: rak
    • Rhymes: -ɑk

    Etymology 1

    Related to rekken.

    Noun

    rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

    1. A straight section of a waterway.
    2. A straight distance or section that one traverses by sailing.
    Derived terms
    • Damrak

    Etymology 2

    From Middle Dutch rac. Variant of rek. Possibly related to etymology 1.

    Noun

    rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

    1. (nautical) A rack, a frame.
      Synonym: rek

    Etymology 3

    From Middle Dutch *rak, from Old Dutch *rak, from Proto-West Germanic *rak, from Proto-Germanic *raką (“cord, chain”). Alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German rak (“parrel”), from Old Saxon *rak, from the same West Germanic source above.

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

    1. A rope (often protected with wooden beads), chain or brace for fixing a spar to the mast.
      Synonym: rek

    Hungarian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Finno-Ugric *rakkɜ- (“to make, prepare, build”). Cognates include Finnish rakentaa.[1][2]

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [ˈrɒk]
    • Audio(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɒk

    Verb

    rak

    1. (transitive) to put, set
      Synonyms: tesz, helyez, pakol

    Conjugation
    conjugation of rak
    Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
    informal    		 3rd person sg,
    2nd p. sg formal    		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
    informal    		 3rd person pl,
    2nd p. pl formal


    Indica­tive
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. rakok raksz rak rakunk raktok raknak
    Def. rakom rakod rakja rakjuk rakjátok rakják
    2nd-p. o. raklak ―
    Past Indef. raktam raktál rakott raktunk raktatok raktak
    Def. raktam raktad rakta raktuk raktátok rakták
    2nd-p. o. raktalak ―
    Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rakni fog.
    Archaic
    Preterit    		 Indef. rakék rakál raka rakánk rakátok rakának
    Def. rakám rakád raká rakánk rakátok rakák
    2nd-p. o. rakálak ―
    Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rak vala, rakott vala/volt.
    Archaic
    Future    		 Indef. rakandok rakandasz rakand rakandunk rakandotok rakandanak
    Def. rakandom rakandod rakandja rakandjuk rakandjátok rakandják
    2nd-p. o. rakandalak ―
    Condi­tional
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. raknék raknál rakna raknánk raknátok raknának
    Def. raknám raknád rakná raknánk
    (or raknók)    		 raknátok raknák
    2nd-p. o. raknálak ―
    Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rakott volna
    Sub­junc­tive
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. rakjak rakj or
    rakjál    		 rakjon rakjunk rakjatok rakjanak
    Def. rakjam rakd or
    rakjad    		 rakja rakjuk rakjátok rakják
    2nd-p. o. rakjalak ―
    (Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rakott légyen
    Infinitive rakni raknom raknod raknia raknunk raknotok rakniuk
    Other
    forms    		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
    rakás rakó rakott rakandó rakva (rakván)
    The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
    (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
    potential conjugation of rak
    Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
    informal    		 3rd person sg,
    2nd p. sg formal    		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
    informal    		 3rd person pl,
    2nd p. pl formal
    Indica­tive
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. rakhatok rakhatsz rakhat rakhatunk rakhattok rakhatnak
    Def. rakhatom rakhatod rakhatja rakhatjuk rakhatjátok rakhatják
    2nd-p. o. rakhatlak ―
    Past Indef. rakhattam rakhattál rakhatott rakhattunk rakhattatok rakhattak
    Def. rakhattam rakhattad rakhatta rakhattuk rakhattátok rakhatták
    2nd-p. o. rakhattalak ―
    Archaic
    Preterit    		 Indef. rakhaték rakhatál rakhata rakhatánk rakhatátok rakhatának
    Def. rakhatám rakhatád rakhatá rakhatánk rakhatátok rakhaták
    2nd-p. o. rakhatálak ―
    Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. rakhat vala, rakhatott vala/volt.
    Archaic
    Future    		 Indef. rakhatandok
    or rakandhatok     		rakhatandasz
    or rakandhatsz    		 rakhatand
    or rakandhat    		 rakhatandunk
    or rakandhatunk    		 rakhatandotok
    or rakandhattok    		 rakhatandanak
    or rakandhatnak
    Def. rakhatandom
    or rakandhatom    		 rakhatandod
    or rakandhatod    		 rakhatandja
    or rakandhatja    		 rakhatandjuk
    or rakandhatjuk     		rakhatandjátok
    or rakandhatjátok    		 rakhatandják
    or rakandhatják
    2nd-p. o. rakhatandalak
    or rakandhatlak    		 ―
    Condi­tional
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. rakhatnék rakhatnál rakhatna rakhatnánk rakhatnátok rakhatnának
    Def. rakhatnám rakhatnád rakhatná rakhatnánk
    (or rakhatnók)    		 rakhatnátok rakhatnák
    2nd-p. o. rakhatnálak ―
    Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rakhatott volna
    Sub­junc­tive
    mood    		 Pre­sent Indef. rakhassak rakhass or
    rakhassál    		 rakhasson rakhassunk rakhassatok rakhassanak
    Def. rakhassam rakhasd or
    rakhassad    		 rakhassa rakhassuk rakhassátok rakhassák
    2nd-p. o. rakhassalak ―
    (Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rakhatott légyen
    Inf. (rakhatni) (rakhatnom) (rakhatnod) (rakhatnia) (rakhatnunk) (rakhatnotok) (rakhatniuk)
    Positive adjective rakható Neg. adj. rakhatatlan Adv. part. (rakhatva / rakhatván)

    Derived terms
    Compound words

    (With verbal prefixes):

    • alárak
    • átrak
    • berak
    • belerak
    • egyberak
    • elrak
    • előrerak
    • felrak
    • fölrak
    • félrerak
    • hátrarak
    • hazarak
    • helyrerak
    • hozzárak
    • iderak
    • kirak
    • körülrak
    • közérak
    • különrak
    • lerak
    • megrak
    • mellérak
    • odarak
    • összerak
    • rárak
    • széjjelrak
    • szétrak
    • telerak
    • újrarak
    • végigrak
    • visszarak

    References
    1. Entry #850 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
    2. rak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

    Further reading
    • rak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

    Anagrams

    Icelandic

    Etymology 1

    From Old Norse rak.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /raːk/
    • Rhymes: -aːk

    Noun

    rak n (genitive singular raks, nominative plural rök)

    1. wick (of a candle)
    2. (chiefly in the plural) raking (quantity of hay)
    Declension
    declension of rak
    n-s singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative rak rakið rök rökin
    accusative rak rakið rök rökin
    dative raki rakinu rökum rökunum
    genitive raks raksins raka rakanna
    Synonyms

    Verb

    rak

    1. first/third-person singular past indicative active of reka

    Anagrams

    Lower Sorbian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /rak/

    Noun

    rak m animal

    1. crustacean
    2. cancer
    3. Cancer

    Declension
    Declension of rak
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative rak raka raki
    Genitive raka rakowu rakow
    Dative rakoju rakoma rakam
    Accusative raka rakowu raki, rakow
    Instrumental rakom rakoma rakami
    Locative raku rakoma rakach

    Further reading
    • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “rak”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
    • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “rak”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

    Marshallese

    Pronunciation
    • (phonetic) IPA(key): [rˠɑk]
    • (phonemic) IPA(key): /rˠæk/
    • Bender phonemes: {rak}

    Noun

    rak

    1. south
    2. summer

    Synonyms

    References

    Norwegian Bokmål

    Etymology

    Compare with Icelandic rakur

    Adjective

    rak (masculine and feminine rak, neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)

    1. salted and partially fermented (of fish)

    Derived terms

    References

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    Etymology 1

    Compare with Icelandic rakur

    Adjective

    rak (neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)

    1. salted and partially fermented (of fish)
    2. straight
    Derived terms

    Verb

    rak

    1. imperative of raka

    References

    Old Norse

    Verb

    rak

    1. first/third-person singular past active indicative of reka

    Palauan

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

    rak

    1. year

    References
    • rak in Palauan Language Online: Palauan-English Dictionary, at tekinged.com.
    • rak in Palauan-English Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
    • rak in Lewis S. Josephs, Edwin G. McManus, Masa-aki Emesiochel (1977) Palauan-English Dictionary, University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 285.

    Polish

    Etymology

    Inherited from Old Polish rak, from Proto-Slavic *ràkъ.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /rak/
    • Audio(file)
    • Rhymes: -ak
    • Syllabification: rak

    Noun

    rak m animal (diminutive raczek)

    1. cancer (disease)
    2. crayfish (term also used for certain other crustaceans)
    3. crampon (spike on a boot used for ice climbing)

    Declension
    Declension of rak
    singular plural
    nominative rak raki
    genitive raka raków
    dative rakowi rakom
    accusative raka raki
    instrumental rakiem rakami
    locative raku rakach
    vocative raku raki

    Derived terms
    adjectives
    nouns
    • raczarnia
    • racznik
    • raczyna
    • rakotwórczość
    • rakowatość
    proper nouns
    verb

    Further reading
    • rak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • rak in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Serbo-Croatian

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

    Noun

    rȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ра̏к, diminutive ràčić)

    1. crab
    2. cancer (astrology)
      Ja sam rak u horoskopu. ― I am cancer in horoscope.
    3. (colloquial) cancer (disease)
      Imam rak dojke. ― I have breast cancer.

    Usage notes

    Rak can also be declined inanimated, if used for the disease.

    Declension
    Declension of rak
    singular plural
    nominative rȁk ràkovi
    genitive raka rakova
    dative raku rakovima
    accusative raka rakove
    vocative rače rakovi
    locative raku rakovima
    instrumental rakom rakovima

    Slovak

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [rak]

    Noun

    rak m inan (genitive singular raka, nominative plural raky, genitive plural rakov, declension pattern of dub)

    1. crayfish
    2. (colloquial, archaic) cancer
      Synonym: rakovina

    Declension
    Declension of rak
    singular plural
    nominative rak raky
    genitive raka rakov
    dative rakovi rakom
    accusative raka raky
    locative rakovi rakoch
    instrumental rakom rakmi

    See also

    Further reading
    • “rak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

    Southwestern Dinka

    Noun

    rak (plural rɔɔk)

    1. Shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa
    2. the fruit of this tree, shea nut

    References
    • Dinka-English Dictionary‎, 2005

    Swedish

    Pronunciation
    • audio(file)

    Adjective

    rak (comparative rakare, superlative rakast)

    1. straight; unbent
    2. straight; direct, frank
    3. (internal combustion engines) straight

    Declension
    Inflection of rak
    Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
    Common singular rak rakare rakast
    Neuter singular rakt rakare rakast
    Plural raka rakare rakast
    Masculine plural3 rake rakare rakast
    Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
    Masculine singular1 rake rakare rakaste
    All raka rakare rakaste
    1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
    2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
    3) Dated or archaic

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Upper Sorbian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

    Noun

    rak m animal

    1. crayfish
    2. cancer (disease)
    3. Cancer

    Further reading
    • “rak” in Soblex
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