incendo

Latin

Etymology

From in- (“in”) +‎ *cendō < candeō.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

incendō (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation

  1. (transitive) to set on fire, burn, kindle
    Synonyms: ūrō, īnflammō, flammō, cōnflagrō, flagrō, accendō, ārdeō, cremō, adoleō
    • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.264:
      hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores
      Then I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum
  2. (transitive) to heat, make hot, scorch
  3. (transitive) to light up with fire, make a fire upon
  4. (transitive) to make bright or shining, light up, brighten; adorn
    Synonyms: lūstrō, clārō
  5. (transitive, figuratively) to set on fire, inflame, excite, rouse, incite; incense, irritate
    Synonyms: excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, stimulō, percieō, concieō, cieō, concitō, urgeō, impellō, īnflammō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, sollicitō, ērigō
    Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, plācō, restinguō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.196–197:
      Prōtinus ad rēgem cursus dētorquet Iarbān,
      incenditque animum dictīs atque aggerat īrās.
      At once [Rumor] turns her course to King Iarbas, and she inflames his passion with her tales and swells his wrath.
  6. (transitive, figuratively) to enhance, raise, intensify
    Synonyms: ērigō, augeō
  7. (transitive, figuratively) to ruin, destroy, lay waste
    Synonyms: ruīnō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, aboleō, occīdō, prōflīgō, dēstruō, exscindō, impellō, accīdō, tollō, dīruō, sepeliō, populor, interimō, perimō, trucīdō

Conjugation
   Conjugation of incendō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present incendō incendis incendit incendimus incenditis incendunt
imperfect incendēbam incendēbās incendēbat incendēbāmus incendēbātis incendēbant
future incendam incendēs incendet incendēmus incendētis incendent
perfect incendī incendistī incendit incendimus incendistis incendērunt,
incendēre
pluperfect incenderam incenderās incenderat incenderāmus incenderātis incenderant
future perfect incenderō incenderis incenderit incenderimus incenderitis incenderint
sigmatic future1 incēnsō incēnsis incēnsit incēnsimus incēnsitis incēnsint
passive present incendor incenderis,
incendere		 incenditur incendimur incendiminī incenduntur
imperfect incendēbar incendēbāris,
incendēbāre		 incendēbātur incendēbāmur incendēbāminī incendēbantur
future incendar incendēris,
incendēre		 incendētur incendēmur incendēminī incendentur
perfect incēnsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect incēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect incēnsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present incendam incendās incendat incendāmus incendātis incendant
imperfect incenderem incenderēs incenderet incenderēmus incenderētis incenderent
perfect incenderim incenderīs incenderit incenderīmus incenderītis incenderint
pluperfect incendissem incendissēs incendisset incendissēmus incendissētis incendissent
sigmatic aorist1 incēnsim incēnsīs incēnsīt incēnsīmus incēnsītis incēnsint
passive present incendar incendāris,
incendāre		 incendātur incendāmur incendāminī incendantur
imperfect incenderer incenderēris,
incenderēre		 incenderētur incenderēmur incenderēminī incenderentur
perfect incēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect incēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — incende — — incendite —
future — incenditō incenditō — incenditōte incenduntō
passive present — incendere — — incendiminī —
future — incenditor incenditor — — incenduntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives incendere incendisse incēnsūrum esse incendī incēnsum esse incēnsum īrī
participles incendēns — incēnsūrus — incēnsus incendendus,
incendundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
incendendī incendendō incendendum incendendō incēnsum incēnsū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • incendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia
    • to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere
    • to become furious: furore inflammari, incendi
    • to fire a town: oppidum incendere
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-7
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