bright

See also: Bright

English
WOTD – 16 May 2021

Pronunciation
Bright sunlight (sense 2) seen at Cerro de la Campana in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.

Etymology 1

The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).

The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective):[1] see above.

The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).

Adjective

bright (comparative brighter, superlative brightest)

  1. Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.
    The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.
    • 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC, page 22:
      Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 372 and 381–382:
      Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.
    • 1897, Bram Stoker, “Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC, page 95:
      There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.
  2. Of light: brilliant, intense.
    Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.
  3. Of an object, surface, etc.: reflecting much light; having a high lustre; gleaming, shiny.
    Synonyms: lustrous; see also Thesaurus:shiny
    Antonym: dull
  4. Of a place: not dark; well-lit.
  5. Of climate or weather: not cloudy or gloomy; fair; also, of a period of time, the sky, etc.: characterized by much sunshine and good weather.
  6. (figuratively)
    1. Clearly apparent; conspicuous.
      • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 169:
        They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.
    2. Of a colour: not muted or pale; bold, brilliant, vivid.
    3. Of an object, surface, etc.: having vivid colour(s); colourful.
      The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.
      • a. 1745 (date written), Alexander Pope, “Spring. The First Pastoral, or Damon. […]”, in The Works of Alexander Pope Esq. […], volume I, London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton, H. Lintot, J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, and S. Draper, published 1751, →OCLC, page 12, lines 31–32:
        Here the bright crocus and blue vi'let glow; / Here weſtern winds on breathing roſes blow.
      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 15:
        Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    4. Of a musical instrument, sound, or a voice: clearly audible; clear, resounding, and often high-pitched.
    5. Of a room or other place: having acoustic qualities that tend to cause much echoing or reverberation of sound, particularly at high frequencies.
    6. Of a scent or taste: not bland or mild; bold, sharp, strong.
    7. Of a substance: clear, transparent; also, pure, unadulterated; (specifically) of wine: free of suspended particles; not cloudy; fine.
    8. Glorious; illustrious.
      • 1681, Charles Cotton, The Wonders of the Peake, London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC, page 16:
        And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.
    9. In good spirits; happy, optimistic.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:happy
      Antonyms: see Thesaurus:sad
      I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.
    10. Of the face or eyes, or a smile: showing happiness or hopefulness; cheerful, lively.
      • 1978 October 19, Mike Batt (lyrics and music), “Bright Eyes”, in Fate for Breakfast, performed by Art Garfunkel, published 19 January 1979:
        Bright eyes / Burning like fire / Bright eyes / How can you close and fail? / How can the light that burned so brightly / Suddenly burn so pale? / Bright eyes
    11. Of a person: lively, vivacious.
    12. Of a period of history or time: happy, prosperous, successful.
      She has a bright future ahead.
    13. Of an opportunity or outlook: having a reasonable chance of success; favourable, good.
      If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.
    14. Of conversation, writing, etc.: imaginative or sparkling with wit; clever, witty.
    15. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:intelligent
      Antonyms: see Thesaurus:stupid
      She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.
      • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], page 573:
        ―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.
      • 2013 August 3, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 3 August 2013:
        Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.
    16. (archaic)
      1. Of the eyes: able to see clearly; of eyesight: keen, sharp.
      2. Manifest to the mind as light is to the eyes; clear, evident, plain.
        • 1741, I[saac] Watts, “The Socratical Way of Disputation”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph V, page 172:
          [T]he Queriſt muſt not proceed too ſwiftly towards the Determination of his Point propos'd, that he may with more Eaſe, with brighter Evidence, and with ſurer Succeſs draw the Learner on to aſſent to thoſe Principles ſtep by ſtep, from whence the final Concluſion will naturally ariſe.
    17. (music) Of a rhythm or tempo: lively, upbeat.
    18. (music) Of a note: slightly sharp.
  7. (metallurgy) Of a metal object or surface: lacking any protective coating or surface treatment for the prevention of corrosion.
Derived terms
Translations
of an object, surface, etc.: reflecting much light; having a high lustre — see gleaming,‎ shiny
of a place: not dark — see well-lit
of an object, surface, etc.: having vivid colour(s) — see colourful
of a musical instrument, sound, or a voice: clearly audible — see resounding
of a scent or taste: not bland or mild — see bold,‎ sharp
of a substance: clear, transparent; also, pure, unadulterated — see pure,‎ transparent
glorious, illustrious — see glorious,‎ illustrious
of the face or eyes, or a smile: showing happiness or hopefulness — see cheerful,‎ lively
of a person: lively, vivacious — see lively,‎ vivacious
of a period of history or time: happy, prosperous, successful — see prosperous,‎ successful
of conversation, writing, etc.: imaginative or sparkling with wit — see clever,‎ witty
of the eyes: able to see clearly; of eyesight: keen, sharp — see keen,‎ sharp
manifest to the mind as light is to the eyes — see evident,‎ plain
of a rhythm or tempo: lively, upbeat — see lively,‎ upbeat
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
  • Appendix:English adjectives with derived terms in -en and -ness

Noun

bright (plural brights)

  1. (archaic or literary)
    1. Brightness, glow.
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 372 and 377–381:
        Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]
    2. (figuratively) Glory, splendour.
  2. (chiefly in the plural) Something (especially a product intended for sale) that has vivid colours or a lustrous appearance.
  3. A person with a naturalistic worldview with no mystical or supernatural elements.
    Synonyms: humanist, nonsupernaturalist
    Antonyms: super, supernaturalist
    Hyponym: atheist
    • 2003 June 20, Richard Dawkins, “The future looks bright”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 March 2021:
      Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.
    • 2006, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Breaking Which Spell?”, in Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon), page 27:
      Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.
    • 2008 April, David Aikman, “The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, in The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness, Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:
      [Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.
  4. (painting) An artist's brush used in acrylic and oil painting with a long ferrule and a flat, somewhat tapering bristle head.
Translations
brightness, glow — see brightness
glory, splendour — see glory,‎ splendour

Etymology 2

From Middle English brighte (“brightly; (figuratively) brilliantly, lustrously; of colour: boldly, vividly; clearly, distinctly; of voice: loudly”) [and other forms],[2] from Old English breohte, beorhte (West Saxon) [and other forms], ultimately from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright, shining”);[3] see further at etymology 1.

Adverb

bright (comparative more bright, superlative most bright)

  1. (often literary) In a bright manner; brightly, glowingly, luminously, lustrously.
  2. (figuratively)
    1. Referring to colour: with bold or vivid colours; brightly, boldly, vividly.
    2. (archaic) Referring to sight, sound, understanding, etc.: clearly, distinctly; brightly.
Derived terms
Translations
in a bright manner — see brightly
with bold or vivid colours — see boldly,‎ vividly
clearly, distinctly — see clearly,‎ distinctly

Etymology 3

From Middle English brighten (“to illuminate; to become light, dawn; (figuratively) to cleanse, purify; to clarify, explain”) [and other forms],[4] from Old English beorhtian (“to brighten, shine; to sound clearly or loudly”) [and other forms], probably from beorht (“bright, clear”, adjective) (see further at etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns). Later uses of the word are probably also derived from the adjective.[5]

Verb

bright (third-person singular simple present brights, present participle brighting, simple past and past participle brighted) (chiefly British, dialectal)

  1. (transitive) Often followed by up: to cast light on (someone or something); to brighten, to illuminate.
  2. (transitive, figuratively) Often followed by up: to cause (someone or something) to be bright (in various senses); to brighten; specifically, to make (someone or something) energetic, or happy and optimistic.
    Synonyms: (to cause to be bright) embrighten, (to make energetic) enliven, delight, gladden, (to make happy) please
    • 1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, in Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd edition, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], published 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2, page 14:
      Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.
  3. (intransitive, also figuratively) Often followed by up: to become bright (in various senses); to brighten.
    • 1915, Keith Ringkamp, editor, The Patience Worth Record, volume I, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, published 2008, →ISBN, page 238:
      Day brighteth at the smile o' her and yea, He hath aplanted full o' seed for harvesting by thy loving.
Conjugation
Conjugation of bright
infinitive (to) bright
present tense past tense
1st-person singular bright brighted
2nd-person singular bright, brightest† brighted, brightedst†
3rd-person singular brights, brighteth† brighted
plural bright
subjunctive bright brighted
imperative bright —
participles brighting brighted

†Archaic or obsolete.

Translations
to cast light on (someone or something) — see brighten,‎ illuminate
to cause (someone or something) to be bright; to become bright — see brighten
to make (someone or something) energetic — see enliven
to make (someone or something) happy and optimistic — see delight,‎ gladden

References
  1. “bright, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. “brighte, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  3. Compare “bright, adv.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “bright, adv.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  4. “bright, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  5. Compare “bright, v.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020.

Further reading
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.