bog

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bog"

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English bog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (soft, boggy ground), from Old Irish bog (soft),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos (soft, tender) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (bulrush, bogrush).[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (outhouse, privy),[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,[5] still used in Australian English.[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.[6][7]

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
  2. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
    • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, page 30:
      ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
    • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, volume I:
      Last day my mind was in a bog.
    • 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LXXII, in Barnaby Rudge, page 358:
      He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
  3. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
    • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:
      Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
  4. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    I'm on the bogI'm sitting on/using the toilet
    I'm in the bogI'm in the bathroom
    • 1665, Richard Head et al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, volume I:
      Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
    • a. 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, published 1789, page 181:
      ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
    • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 79:
      Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
    • 1959, William Golding, chapter I, in Free Fall, page 23:
      Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
  5. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
  6. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
Alternative forms
  • (wet spongy areas or ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all obsolete)
Synonyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
See also

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
    • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, volume IV, page 132:
      To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
  2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
    • 1605, Ben Jonson, Seianus His Fall, act IV, scene i, line 217:
      [] Bogg'd in his filthy Lusts []
    • 1641, John Milton, Animadversions, page 58:
      [] whose profession to forsake the World... bogs them deeper into the world.
  3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
    • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, page 120:
      Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
  4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
  5. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
  6. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
  7. (transitive, British, informal) To make a mess of something.
Alternative forms
  • bogg, bogue (both obsolete)
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

See bug[8]

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.
Alternative forms
  • bogge; see also bug
Derived terms
  • take bog

Etymology 3

Uncertain,[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms

  • (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

  1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
    • 1592, William Warner, chapter XXXVII, in Albions England, volume VII, page 167:
      The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
    • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, page 90:
      Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.
Derived terms

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
    • 1839, Charles Clark, John Noakes and Mary Styles, l. 3:
      Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
    • 1546, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, volume XI, published 1852, page 163:
      If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
    • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
      A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (euphemistic, slang, British, usually with "off") To go away.
Derived terms

Etymology 5

From an abbreviation of Bogdanoff, in reference to Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff.

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (4chan, Internet slang, transitive) To perform excessive cosmetic surgery that results in a bizarre or obviously artificial facial appearance.
  2. (4chan, Internet slang, reflexive) To have excessive cosmetic surgery performed on oneself, often with a poor or conspicuously unnatural result.
    • 2023 August 4, anonymous author, 4chan, /lgbt/:
      My nose is already pretty good and I don't want to bog myself.

See also

References

  1. Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  2. Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
  3. The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
  4. Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
  5. Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
  6. Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
  7. Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
  8. Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
  9. Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

Anagrams

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bók (beech, book), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (beech).

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

  1. book
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

  1. beechnut, beech mast
Declension

References

Further reading

French

Noun

bog m (plural bogs)

  1. (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
    Antonym: fen

Further reading

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [boːk]
  • (file)
  • (file)

Verb

bog

  1. preterite tense of biegen

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness). Cognates include Estonian pung.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈboɡ]
  • Rhymes: -oɡ

Noun

bog (plural bogok)

  1. knot
    Synonym: csomó

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bog bogok
accusative bogot bogokat
dative bognak bogoknak
instrumental boggal bogokkal
causal-final bogért bogokért
translative boggá bogokká
terminative bogig bogokig
essive-formal bogként bogokként
essive-modal
inessive bogban bogokban
superessive bogon bogokon
adessive bognál bogoknál
illative bogba bogokba
sublative bogra bogokra
allative boghoz bogokhoz
elative bogból bogokból
delative bogról bogokról
ablative bogtól bogoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
bogé bogoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
bogéi bogokéi
Possessive forms of bog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bogom bogaim
2nd person sing. bogod bogaid
3rd person sing. boga bogai
1st person plural bogunk bogaink
2nd person plural bogotok bogaitok
3rd person plural boguk bogaik

Derived terms

  • bogos
  • bogoz
Compound words
  • ág-bog

References

  1. Entry #816 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. bog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • bog in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Irish

FWOTD – 15 June 2020

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (soft),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (to soften), from the adjective.[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

  1. soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy)
    Synonym: tláith
  2. flabby (of physical condition)
  3. soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice)
    • 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:
      Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
      [original: Waves gently lap against the rocks below.]
  4. (of weather) wet
  5. mild, humid (of winter)
  6. loose
  7. lukewarm
    Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

Declension

Derived terms

Noun

bog m (genitive singular boig)

  1. something soft
  2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe
    Synonyms: liopa, maothán

Declension

Verb

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
  2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

Conjugation

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bog bhog mbog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bocaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 14
  4. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Further reading

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [bɔk]
  • Homophones: Bog, bok

Noun

bog m pers (feminine bogowka)

  1. god

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse bógr, from Germanic.

Noun

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)

  1. shoulder (of an animal)

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /buːɡ/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús.

Noun

bog m (plural bogen)

  1. shoulder, primarily of an animal

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Noun

bog f (definite singular bogjå)

  1. (dialectal) alternative form of bok
    • 1996, Tobias Skretting, Attemed ånå, page 90:
      Takk for bogjå
      Thanks for the book
    • 1957, Reinert Ersdal, quoting Andreas Mjaasund, Bakke kyrkje: Krosskyrkja 200 år, [Flekkefjord]: [Soknerådet?]:
      Eg kan nok bli frelst etter bogjå, men ikkje ette det vonde hjerta mitt.
      I might be saved by the book, but not by my evil heart.

References

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /boːɡ/, [boːɣ]

Noun

bōg m

  1. a branch or bough of a tree
  2. a tendril or sprig of a plant
  3. the arm or shoulder

Declension

Descendants

  • Middle English: boȝ, bogh

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (soft, gentle, tender; tepid).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [b̊oɡ̊]

Adjective

bog (comparative buige)

  1. soft
  2. wet, damp, moist

Declension

Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative bog bhog boga
Vocative bhuig bhog boga
Genitive bhuig bhuig/buige bog(a)
Dative bhog bhuig boga

Derived terms

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
bogbhog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bôːɡ/

Noun

bȏg m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)

  1. god, deity
  2. (colloquial) idol, god

Declension

Derived terms

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bôːɡ/

Noun

bog m

  1. god

Declension

References

  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bóːk/
  • Hyphenation: bog
  • Homophone: bọ̑k

Noun

bọ̑g m anim (female equivalent bogínja)

  1. god
  2. (uncommon, figuratively) paragon[→SSKJ]
  3. (uncommon, figuratively) highest value[→SSKJ]

Usage notes

The dative singular form bogȗ is mostly limited to the phrase hvála bogȗ.

Declension

The template Template:sl-decl-noun-table3 does not use the parameter(s):
n=
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent
nom. sing. bọ̑g
gen. sing. bogȃ
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
bọ̑g bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik
bogȃ bogóv bogóv
dative
dajȃlnik
bọ̑gu, bọ̑gi, bogȗ bogȏvoma, bogȏvama bogȏvom, bọ̑gȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik
bogȃ bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik
bọ̑gu, bọ̑gi bogȏvih bogȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
bọ̑gom bogȏvoma, bogȏvama bogȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
bọ̑g bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏvi

Interjection

bọ̑g

  1. god

Derived terms

  • bati se boga in hudiča
  • biti boga in hudiča
  • biti mar bog in hudič
  • Bog daj dobro
  • Bog daj nebesa
  • bog daj, bogdaj
  • bog ga daj
  • bog ima dolgo šibo
  • bog je sam sebi najprej brado ustvaril
  • bog je v detajlih
  • bog je v malenkostih
  • bog je v podrobnostih
  • bog kaj blagoslovi
  • bog koga k sebi vzame
  • bog koga pokliče
  • bog koga tepe
  • bog lonaj, boglonaj
  • bog mi je priča
  • bog ne daj, bognedaj
  • bog ne plačuje vsako soboto
  • bog ne zadeni
  • bog nebeški
  • Bog oče
  • bog plačaj
  • bog pomagaj, bogpomagaj
  • bog s tabo
  • bog se skriva v detajlih
  • bog se usmili
  • Bog sin
  • bog te je dal
  • bog te nesi
  • bog te nima rad
  • bog te živi
  • bog tiči v podrobnostih
  • bog v belem
  • bog varuj, bogvaruj
  • bog vedi, bogvedi, bogsigavedi
  • bog z njim
  • bog žegnaj
  • bog živi
  • bogami
  • bogu za hrbtom
  • bogve
  • bogzna
  • bogínja
  • bogȋnəc
  • božȃnski
  • božȃnskost
  • božȃnstvenost
  • božȃnstvo
  • božȃnstvən
  • brezbọ́žən
  • brezbọ̑štvo
  • bógovstvo
  • bóžji
  • bọ̄govəc
  • Bọ̑g
  • bọ̑gstvo
  • bọ̑štvo
  • človek obrača, bog obrne
  • dati cesarju, kar je cesarjevega, in bogu, kar je božjega
  • držati boga za jajca
  • držati kot lipov bog
  • gotov kot bog v nebesih
  • hvala bogu, hvalabogu
  • imeti za boga
  • kjer bog ven roko moli
  • kogar bogovi ljubijo, umre mlad
  • kot je koga bog ustvaril
  • krasti bogu čas
  • ljubi bog
  • moj bog, o bog, o moj bog
  • pobọ́žnost
  • pobọ́žən
  • počutiti kot bog
  • počutiti kot mali bog
  • pod milim bogom
  • prijeti boga za jajca
  • prizor za bogove
  • sedeti kot lipov bog
  • smiliti se bogu
  • spraviti z bogom
  • stati kot lipov bog
  • tako mi bog pomagaj
  • vsak po svoje boga moli
  • za boga milega
  • za boga svetega
  • živeti ko mali bog, živeti kot mali bog

See also

Further reading

  • bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • bog”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish bōgher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /buːɡ/

Noun

bog c

  1. shoulder (of an animal)
  2. bow (front of boat or ship)

Declension

Declension of bog 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bog bogen bogar bogarna
Genitive bogs bogens bogars bogarnas

Derived terms

  • bogvisir (bow visor)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.