戴

戴	U+6234, 戴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6234

← 戳
[U+6233]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戵 →
[U+6235]

戴	U+FA8C, 戴 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA8C

← 懲
[U+FA8B]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

揄 →
[U+FA8D]

Translingual

Han character

戴 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十戈田廿金 (JIWTC), four-corner 4385₀, composition ⿹𢦏異)

Derived characters

𠑀, 瀻, 襶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 414, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11685
Dae Jaweon: page 758, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1413, character 9
Unihan data for U+6234
Unihan data for U+FA8C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戴
2nd round simp.		代
alternative forms		𢨚𢨇𢎑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
戴	*ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶	*tɯːɡs
貸	*l̥ʰɯːɡs
代	*l'ɯːɡs
袋	*l'ɯːɡs
岱	*l'ɯːɡs
黛	*l'ɯːɡs
玳	*l'ɯːɡs
帒	*l'ɯːɡs
甙	*l'ɯːɡs
酨	l'ɯːs, zlɯːs
試	*hljɯɡs
弒	*hljɯɡs
忒	*l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣	l̥ʰɯːɡ, l'ɯːɡ
鴏	*l'ɯːɡ
栻	l̥ʰɯɡ, hljɯɡ
侙	*l̥ʰɯɡ
恜	*l̥ʰɯɡ
式	*hljɯɡ
軾	*hljɯɡ
拭	*hljɯɡ
鉽	*hljɯɡ
烒	*hljɯɡ
弋	*lɯɡ
芅	*lɯɡ
黓	*lɯɡ
隿	*lɯɡ
杙	*lɯɡ
釴	*lɯɡ

In the oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) of a person holding something on their head with both hands. Possibly originally the same character as 異 (“person wearing a mask” or “person carrying something on their head”), see there for more.

Later, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , with 異 (OC *lɯɡs) serving as the semantic (and also possibly phonetic) component, and either 弋 (OC *lɯɡ), 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː), or 之 (OC *tjɯ) acting as a phonetic component.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dài (dai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tai

(Meixian, Guangdong): dai⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): dái
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tì / tè / tèr / tài

(Teochew, Peng'im): di³ / do³ / dai³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵te; ⁵ta

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dài
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dài
  - Wade–Giles: tai⁴
  - Yale: dài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
  - Palladius: дай (daj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: daai³
  - Yale: daai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ai³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tai
  - Hakka Romanization System: dai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /taɪ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
  - Tâi-lô: tì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dix
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tè
  - Tâi-lô: tè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /te²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /te¹¹/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /te⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tèr
  - Tâi-lô: tèr
  - IPA (Lukang): /tə³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /tə¹²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tài
  - Tâi-lô: tài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daix
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tai¹¹/

Note:

tì - vernacular;
tè/tèr - vernacular (surname);
tài - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di³ / do³ / dai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì / tò / tài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³/, /to²¹³/, /tai²¹³/

Note:

di3 - vernacular;
do3 - vernacular (surname);
dai3 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵te; ⁵ta
  - MiniDict: te^去; ta^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²te; ²ta
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /te³⁴/, /ta³⁴/

Note: 2ta - alternative pronunciation for the verb sense.

Middle Chinese: tojH

Rime
Character	戴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都代切
Baxter	tojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/təi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təj^H/
Li Rong	/tᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/tɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	doi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tˤək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'ɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dài
Middle Chinese	‹ toj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.tˁək-s/
English	carry on the head
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14960
Phonetic component	弋
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戴
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'ɯːɡs/
Notes	朱駿聲籀文弋聲，金文異爲戴初文象手護所頂物，加弋聲轉註，再̩類化訛此

Definitions

戴

to wear something on the head; to carry on the head
to put on; to wear (a hat, scarf, jewelry, wristwatch, glasses, flower or other object that is “attached” to the body)
to support; to bear
to respect; to esteem
a surname
戴季陶 ― Dài Jìtáo ― Dai Jitao

Usage notes

(Modern Standard Chinese) A different verb, 穿 (chuān), is used for articles of clothing including shirts, jackets, trousers/pants, and shoes.

Compounds

不共戴天 (bùgòngdàitiān)
乘車戴笠／乘车戴笠
佩戴 (pèidài)
依戴
北戴河 (Běidàihé)
合菜戴帽
含齒戴髮／含齿戴发
噙齒戴髮／噙齿戴发
大戴
大戴小戴
大戴禮／大戴礼
大戴禮記／大戴礼记
小戴
小戴禮記／小戴礼记
履戴
張冠李戴／张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
感恩戴德 (gǎn'ēndàidé)
感恩戴義／感恩戴义
愛戴／爱戴 (àidài)
感戴
戴圓履方／戴圆履方
戴天
戴天之仇
戴天履地
戴奧辛／戴奥辛 (dài'àoxīn)
戴孝 (dàixiào)
戴家場／戴家场 (Dàijiāchǎng)
戴帽子
戴憑奪席／戴凭夺席
戴憑重席／戴凭重席
戴星
戴月披星
戴河 (Dàihé)
戴炭簍子／戴炭篓子
戴白
戴盆望天
戴目
戴禮／戴礼
戴笠
戴笠荷鋤／戴笠荷锄
戴綠帽子／戴绿帽子 (dài lǜmàozi)
戴罪圖功／戴罪图功
戴罪立功 (dàizuìlìgōng)
戴逵破琴
戴雞佩豚／戴鸡佩豚
戴頂子／戴顶子
戴頭識臉／戴头识脸
戴高帽 (dài gāomào)
戴髮含齒／戴发含齿
披星戴月 (pīxīngdàiyuè)
披金戴玉
推戴 (tuīdài)
插戴 (chādài)
擔戴／担戴
擁戴／拥戴 (yōngdài)
木匠戴枷
欣戴
穿戴 (chuāndài)
穿金戴銀／穿金戴银
穿靴戴帽
翊戴
翼戴
訪戴／访戴
訢戴／䜣戴
負山戴岳／负山戴岳
負戴／负戴
配戴 (pèidài)
重戴
頂戴／顶戴 (dǐngdài)
鼇戴／鳌戴

References

“Entry #12174”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
“戴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

戴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

be crowned with

Readings

Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kun: いただく (itadaku, 戴く)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 戴 (MC tojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄃᆡ〯 (tǒy) (Yale: tǒy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 戴 (eumhun 일 대 (il dae))

Hanja form^? of 대 (“to esteem”).

Compounds

추대 (推戴, chudae)
대관 (戴冠, daegwan)
봉대 (奉戴, bongdae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

戴: Hán Nôm readings: dải, đái, trải

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