加

See also: 叻 and 另
加 U+52A0, 加
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0
← 功
[U+529F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 务 →
[U+52A1]

Translingual

Han character

加 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 46000, composition ⿰力口)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 加

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 加
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妿 *kaːl, *qaːl
賀 *ɡaːls
迦 *ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽 *ɡa, *ɡal
枷 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉 *kraːl
加 *kraːl
笳 *kraːl
痂 *kraːl
袈 *kraːl
跏 *kraːl
珈 *kraːl
鴐 *kraːl
架 *kraːls
駕 *kraːls
瘸 *ɡʷal

According to Shuowen, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 力 (“plow”) + 口 (“mouth”) — a mouth ordering a cow over a plow.

Etymology

駕 (OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ka - literary;
  • ke/kee - vernacular.
    Note:
    • gia1 - literary;
    • gê1 - vernacular.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 1ka
          • MiniDict: ka平
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1ka
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka⁵³/
Rime
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古牙切
Baxter kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ka/
Wang
Li		 /ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁraj/
English add

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
No. 5873
Phonetic
component		 加
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 嘉
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːl/

Definitions

加

  1. to put on top of another object
  2. to add; to put in
    加鹽／加盐  ―  jiā yán  ―  to add salt
  3. to increase; to raise
  4. to impose; to foist; to grant
  5. placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
  6. (arithmetic) to add
    Antonym: 減／减 (jiǎn)
  7. (social media) to friend
    掃碼加我／扫码加我  ―  sǎomǎ jiā wǒ  ―  scan the QR code to friend me
    加你微信  ―  jiā nǐ Wēixìn  ―  to add your WeChat
  8. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
  9. a surname

Synonyms
  • (to add): 添 (tiān), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
  • (to increase):
  • (to friend): (Hong Kong Cantonese) add

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
加

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. add, addition, increase
  2. Canada

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
加
か
Grade: 4
kan’on

Pronunciation

Noun

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition

Affix

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition
  2. Short for カナダ (“Canada (a country)”).
  3. (US) Short for 加州 (“California (a state of the United States)”).

Korean

Hanja

加 (eumhun 더할 가 (deohal ga))

  1. Hanja form? of 가 (“to add”).

Compounds
  1. 加入 (가입)
  2. 加濕機 (가습기)
  3. 追加 (추가)
  4. 增加 (증가)
  5. 參加 (참가)
  6. 添加 (첨가)

Vietnamese

Han character

加: Hán Nôm readings: gia[1], chơ[2]

  1. (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

References
  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Trần (2004).
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