功

功 U+529F, 功
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-529F
← 办
[U+529E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 加 →
[U+52A0]

Translingual
Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

功 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一大尸 (MKS), four-corner 14127, composition ⿰工力)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 328, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 365, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+529F

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 功
alternative forms 㓛

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 功
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ, “labour; work”) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

Cognate with 工 (OC *koːŋ). See there for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kong - literary;
  • kang - vernacular.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 1kon
        • MiniDict: kon平
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1kon
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: gong1
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /kʊŋ³³/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /kən³³/
Rime
Character 功
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古紅切
Baxter kuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 功
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁoŋ/
English work, effort

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 功
Reading # 1/1
No. 4021
Phonetic
component		 工
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 公
Old
Chinese		 /*koːŋ/

Definitions

功

  1. achievement; merit; good result
    共赴事功  ―  gòng fù shì gōng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (physics) work
  3. (Kung Fu 功夫) patient dedication and effort; wisdom achieved through a refined work

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
功

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
功
こう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 功 (MC kuwng).

Pronunciation

Noun

功(こう) • (kō) ←こう (kou)?

  1. a success, a great achievement
    • (Can we date this quote?), “金正日将軍の歌 [Song of General Kim Jong-il]”:
      青(あお)き海(うな)原(ばら)　その功(こう)歌(うた)う
      Aoki unabara sono kō utau
      The blue seas sing his [Kim's] exploits in their songs.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
功
いさお
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 功 – see the following entry.
【いさお】
[noun] (literary) accomplishment; achievement; distinguished service
[proper noun] 功, 勲, 勲男, 勇雄: a male given name
Alternative spellings
勲, 勲男, 勇雄
(This term, 功, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
功
いさお
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Proper noun

功(いさお) • (Isao) 

  1. a male given name

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

功 (eumhun 공 공 (gong gong))

  1. Hanja form? of 공 (“service; credit; meritorious deed”).
  2. Hanja form? of 공 (“effort; labor; elaboration”).

Vietnamese

Han character

功: Hán Nôm readings: công

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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