頂戴

See also: 顶戴

Chinese
 
go against; most; peak
go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with "hat")
 
to put on; to respect; to bear
to put on; to respect; to bear; to support; wear (glasses, hat, gloves)
trad. (頂戴) 頂 戴
simp. (顶戴) 顶 戴

Pronunciation

Verb

頂戴

  1. (archaic) to salute; to be thankful

Noun

頂戴

  1. (historical) official cap button in the Qing Dynasty

Japanese
Kanji in this term
頂 戴
ちょう
Grade: 6		 だい
Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 頂戴 (MC tengX tojH). Compare modern Mandarin 頂戴／顶戴 (dǐngdài).

Pronunciation
    • (Tokyo) ちょーだ​い [chòódáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
    • IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːda̠i]

    Noun

    頂(ちょう)戴(だい) • (chōdai) 

    1. (humble, formal, archaic) a humble submission, a humble contribution made to someone of higher status
    2. (humble, formal, archaic) a humble reception or receiving of something
    3. (informal) to request: compare English please, gimme
      このバラちょうだい。
      Kono bara chōdai.
      I'll have these roses. / Please give me these roses.
      スプーンちょうだい。
      Supūn chōdai.
      Gimme the spoon.
      ここに名前(なまえ)を書(か)いてちょうだい。
      Koko ni namae o kaite chōdai.
      Please write your name here.

    Usage notes

    When used as please or gimme, this is used as a kind of command form. This imperative sense is added after the desired noun with the object particle を (​o) optional, or after the て (​te) or conjunctive form of the desired verb. This usage is almost always written in hiragana, and is mostly used by women and children.

    The other usages are generally written in kanji.

    Synonyms
    • (please give me, for nouns): 下さい (ください, ​kudasai)
    • (please, for verbs): 下さい (ください, ​kudasai) (after -te form of verb)

    Derived terms
    • 頂戴物 (ちょうだいもの, ​chōdaimono): a gift

    Verb

    頂(ちょう)戴(だい)する • (chōdai suru) transitive suru (stem 頂(ちょう)戴(だい)し (chōdai shi), past 頂(ちょう)戴(だい)した (chōdai shita))

    1. (humble, formal) to receive something
      先月(せんげつ)は結構(けっこう)なものを頂戴(ちょうだい)して誠(まこと)にありがとうございました。
      Sengetsu wa kekkō na mono o chōdai shite makoto ni arigatō gozaimashita.
      Thank you very much for quite the gift I received [from you] last month.
    2. to eat, to have a meal
      腹一杯(はらいっぱい)頂戴(ちょうだい)しました。
      Hara ippai chōdai shimashita.
      I've eaten my fill.

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "頂戴する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 頂戴し ちょうだいし chōdai shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 頂戴し ちょうだいし chōdai shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 頂戴する ちょうだいする chōdai suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 頂戴する ちょうだいする chōdai suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 頂戴すれ ちょうだいすれ chōdai sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 頂戴せよ¹
    頂戴しろ²    		 ちょうだいせよ¹
    ちょうだいしろ²    		 chōdai seyo¹
    chōdai shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 頂戴される ちょうだいされる chōdai sareru
    Causative 頂戴させる
    頂戴さす    		 ちょうだいさせる
    ちょうだいさす    		 chōdai saseru
    chōdai sasu
    Potential 頂戴できる ちょうだいできる chōdai dekiru
    Volitional 頂戴しよう ちょうだいしよう chōdai shiyō
    Negative 頂戴しない ちょうだいしない chōdai shinai
    Negative continuative 頂戴せず ちょうだいせず chōdai sezu
    Formal 頂戴します ちょうだいします chōdai shimasu
    Perfective 頂戴した ちょうだいした chōdai shita
    Conjunctive 頂戴して ちょうだいして chōdai shite
    Hypothetical conditional 頂戴すれば ちょうだいすれば chōdai sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    Synonyms
    • 頂く (いただく, ​itadaku)

    References
    1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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