場

See also: 场
場 U+5834, 場
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5834
← 堳
[U+5833] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堵 →
[U+5835]

Translingual
Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

場 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日一竹 (GAMH), four-corner 46127, composition ⿰土昜)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5278
  • Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 462, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5834

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湯 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪 *l̥ʰaːŋ
薚 *l̥ʰaːŋ
簜 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒 *l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩 *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙 *l̥ʰaːŋs
啺 *l'aːŋ
碭 *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸 *l'aːŋʔ
愓 *l'aːŋʔ
璗 *l'aːŋʔ
崵 *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿 *l'aːŋs
暢 *l̥ʰaŋs
畼 *l̥ʰaŋs
腸 *l'aŋ
場 *l'aŋ
傷 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤 *hljaŋ
觴 *hljaŋ
慯 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓 *hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲 *hljaŋ
陽 *laŋ
楊 *laŋ
揚 *laŋ
瘍 *laŋ
煬 *laŋ, *laŋs
鍚 *laŋ
暘 *laŋ
颺 *laŋ, *laŋs
昜 *laŋ
輰 *laŋ
敭 *laŋ
鰑 *laŋ
諹 *laŋ, *laŋs
瑒 *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉 *laŋ
餳 *ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology 1
trad. 場
simp. 场*
alternative forms 㘯
塲

Etymology not certain; perhaps related to Tibetan ར་བ (ra ba, “enclosure; fence; wall; yard”) and 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ, “space between the door and the entrance screen”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • tiûⁿ/tiôⁿ - vernacular;
  • tiông/tiâng/chhiâng - literary.
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: dion5 / diên5 / ciang5
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiôⁿ / tiêⁿ / tshiâng
        • Sinological IPA (key): /tĩõ⁵⁵/, /tĩẽ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Note:
    • dion5/diên5 - vernacular (diên5 - Chaozhou);
    • ciang5 - literary.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6zan
          • MiniDict: zan去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zan
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: zhan2
          • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
          • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡san¹³/
Rime
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直良切
Baxter drjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ȡiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 coeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cháng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l]raŋ/
English arena

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
No. 14580
Phonetic
component		 昜
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 長
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aŋ/
Definitions

場

  1. open space; field; market; large place used for a specific purpose
    農貿市場／农贸市场  ―  nóngmào shìchǎng  ―  farmer's market
    運動場／运动场  ―  yùndòngchǎng  ―  sportsground
    戰場／战场  ―  zhànchǎng  ―  battlefield
  2. venue; course
    在場／在场  ―  zàichǎng  ―  to be on the scene
  3. stage; platform; stand
    登場／登场  ―  dēngchǎng  ―  to enter the stage or scene
  4. whole show or match
    開場／开场  ―  kāichǎng  ―  (of a performance) to begin
    上半場／上半场  ―  shàngbànchǎng  ―  first half (of a match)
  5. (physics) field (region affected by a particular force)
    磁場／磁场  ―  cíchǎng  ―  magnetic field
  6. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 商場／商场 (“mall; shopping centre”).
    死場／死场 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  sei2 coeng4 [Jyutping]  ―  shopping centre with little customers
  7. Classifier for scenes (of a play).
    第二幕第一場／第二幕第一场  ―  dì èr mù dì yī chǎng  ―  Act 2, Scene 1
  8. Classifier for sporting or recreational activities. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一場音樂會／一场音乐会  ―  yī chǎng yīnyuèhuì  ―  a concert
    打一場輸一場 [Cantonese, trad.]
    打一场输一场 [Cantonese, simp.]
    daa2 jat1 coeng4 syu1 jat1 coeng4 [Jyutping]
    play a round and lose a round
  9. Classifier for exams.
  10. a surname: Chang

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • tiûⁿ/tiôⁿ - vernacular;
  • tiông/tiâng - literary.
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: dion5 / diên5 / ciang5
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiôⁿ / tiêⁿ / tshiâng
        • Sinological IPA (key): /tĩõ⁵⁵/, /tĩẽ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Note:
    • dion5/diên5 - vernacular (diên5 - Chaozhou);
    • ciang5 - literary.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6zan
          • MiniDict: zan去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zan
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/
Rime
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直良切
Baxter drjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ȡiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 coeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cháng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l]raŋ/
English arena

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 場
Reading # 1/1
No. 14580
Phonetic
component		 昜
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 長
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aŋ/
Definitions

場

  1. level open space (often as a threshing floor)
  2. (dialectal, colloquial) market
  3. Classifier for events and happenings: spell; bout
    下了一場大雨／下了一场大雨  ―  xià le yī cháng dàyǔ  ―  a deluge rained
    痛哭一場／痛哭一场  ―  tòngkū yī cháng  ―  a moment of bitter tears
    一場戰爭／一场战争  ―  yī cháng zhànzhēng  ―  a war

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (場):
  • → Japanese: 場(じょう) (jō)
  • → Korean: 장(場) (jang)
  • → Vietnamese: trường (場)

Compounds

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 場 – see 塲 (“mound created by creatures like ants or moles; loose soil; soil that has been tilled”).
(This character is a variant form of 塲).

Japanese

Kanji
場

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
場
ば
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/nipa/ → */niba/*/ⁿba/ → /ba/

An alteration from Old Japanese 庭 (nipa), modern 庭 (niwa, “garden, yard”).[1][2][3][4]

First cited to a text from 1275.[5]

Pronunciation

Noun

場(ば) • (ba) 

  1. [from 1275] a place
  2. [from 1701] a situation, the circumstances of a particular place and time
    Synonym: (circumstances more generally) 状況 (jōkyō)
  3. [from 1825] an act, a section of a play
  4. [from 1888] (physics) a field
  5. [from 1893] a trading floor, as in a market or exchange
    Synonym: 立会場 (tachiaijō)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Counter

場(ば) • (-ba) 

  1. [from 1825] an act, a section of a play

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
場
じょう
Grade: 2
goon

/djau/ → /d͡ʑoː/ ↔ /ʑoː/

From Middle Chinese 場 (MC drjang). Appears as a suffixing element in compounds since the early 700s.[7] First cited as a standalone noun in the 太平記 (Taiheiki) of the late 1300s.[5]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) じょ​ー [jóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑo̞ː]

Noun

場(じょう) • (jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

  1. [date uncertain] a flattened area used for festivals or ceremonies
  2. [from late 1300s] a place where events are held

Suffix

場(じょう) • (-jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

  1. [from early 700s] place, arena, course
  2. [date uncertain] while, period
Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. “場”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  6. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  7. “道場”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 場 (MC drjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 塲/댜ᇰ (tyang) (Yale: tyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 場 (eumhun 마당 장 (madang jang))

  1. Hanja form? of 장 (“yard; place”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Han character

場: Hán Việt readings: trường (仲(trọng)良(lương)切(thiết))[2][3][4][1], tràng[4]
場: Nôm readings: trường[2][3][1], tràng[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of trường (“place; domain; area; school”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Bonet (1899).
  2. Nguyễn (2014).
  3. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  4. Trần (2004).
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