See also: , , , and
U+9CE5, 鳥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE5

[U+9CE4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9CE6]
U+2FC3, ⿃
KANGXI RADICAL BIRD

[U+2FC2]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 27327, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #196, .

Derived characters

See also

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 52
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9CE5

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) : a bird with a dangling tail.

Compare , which is very similar, of similar origin, and , which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿

Etymology

Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare (“sparrow > penis”) and (“chicken > penis”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (bird), whence Thai นก (nók).

The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (bird), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (bird) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (bird).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • tiâu - vernacular;
  • niâu - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /niɑu²¹⁴/
Harbin /niau²¹³/
Tianjin /niɑu¹³/
Jinan /tiɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /niɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /niau⁵³/
Xi'an /niau⁵³/
Xining /ȵiɔ⁵³/
Yinchuan /niɔ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵiɔ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ȵiɔ⁵¹/
Wuhan /niau⁴²/
Chengdu /ȵiau⁵³/
Guiyang /niao⁴²/
Kunming /niɔ⁵³/
Nanjing /liɔo²¹²/
Hefei /liɔ⁵⁵/
/tiɔ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /niau⁵³/
Pingyao /ȵiɔ⁵³/
Hohhot /niɔ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tiɔ⁵³/
/ȵiɔ⁵³/
Suzhou /ȵiæ⁵¹/
/tiæ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ȵiɔ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ȵa³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niɔ³⁵/ 飛~
/tiɔ³⁵/ 啄木~
Tunxi /liun²⁴/
/lin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiau⁴¹/
/tiau⁴¹/
Xiangtan /tiaɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tiau⁴⁴/ ~兒
/tiau³¹/ 罵人話
Taoyuan /ŋiɑu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /niu²³/
Nanning /tiu³⁵/
/niu²⁴/
Hong Kong /niu¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiau⁵³/
/niau⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niau²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siau⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siau²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (93)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter tewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/teuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/teuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/teuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tɛwX/
Li
Rong
/teuX/
Wang
Li
/tieuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tieuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
diǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
diu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
niǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ tewX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁiwʔ/
English bird

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9511
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tɯːwʔ/

Definitions

  1. bird (Classifier: m;  m)
       yǎngniǎo   to breed birds
  2. (slang, dialectal) to pay attention; to heed; to take notice of
       Wǒ cái bù niǎo tā.   I don't give a damn about him.
  3. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) unpleasant thing
    什麼?!什么?!   shénme niǎo?!   What the fuck?!
  4. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) inferior or objectionable (a general term of disparagement)
    事情事情   Zhè shìqíng tài niǎo le!   This thing really sucks!
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. (vulgar) Alternative form of (diǎo)
    1. penis
    2. (intensifier) damned; goddamn
         Nǐ zhè diǎorén!   You fucking prick!

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

(tori): various kinds of birds.
Kanji in this term
とり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨to2ri⟩/tori/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean (dak, fowl; chicken).

May also be related to the verb 飛ぶ (tobu, to fly).

Alternative forms

  • (usually a chicken):
  • (rare)

Pronunciation

Noun

(とり) • (tori) 

  1. a bird
    • 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
      このトリ(あらわ)れた(とき)は、(なに)()(きつ)(こと)()こる(まえ)ぶれ。
      Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
      This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
    • 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      ()(じょう)()(なが)(とり)(ぜん)(しん)から(せい)なる(ひかり)(はっ)する。
      Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
      A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
  2. a chicken
  3. fowl or chicken meat
Derived terms

Proper noun

(とり) • (Tori) 

  1. a surname
  2. a unisex given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨to2ri⟩⟨*to2/to/

From Old Japanese.[4][5] Appears to be a shift from tori above.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [to̞]
  • The pitch accent is determined by the entire word.

Prefix

() • (to-) 

  1. a bird
  2. (more specifically) a chicken
Usage notes
  • Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.
Derived terms

References

  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225
  4. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC tewX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527새〯 (Yale: sǎy)됴〮 (Yale: tyó)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun (sae jo))

  1. Hanja form? of (bird). [affix]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. bird
  2. chicken

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
とぅい
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tori, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Cognate with Japanese (tori).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tui]

Noun

(とぅい) (tui) 

  1. bird
  2. chicken

References

  • とぅい【鳥】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: điểu, đeo, đéo, đẽo

  1. chữ Hán form of điểu (bird).

Compounds

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