U+8FD1, 近
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FD1

[U+8FD0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8FD2]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 162, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 32302, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𠶌 𣷯 𥇐 𨓢

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1254, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3819, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+8FD1

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𣥍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) : semantic (walk) + phonetic (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.

Etymology

Karlgren (1933) relates (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).

(OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Compare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (near).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kan5 - vernacular;
  • gan6 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕin³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /d͡ʑin³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑin¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑin²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiun⁴⁴/ 好~
/kʰiun⁵³/ ~來
Taoyuan /kʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐn²²/
Nanning /kʰɐn²⁴/
/kɐn²²/
Hong Kong /kɐn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /køyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kyiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (30) (30)
Final () (57) (57)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter gj+nX gj+nH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨnX/ /gɨnH/
Li
Rong
/ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭənX/ /ɡĭənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ənX/ /gi̯ənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìn jìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gan6 gan6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìn jìn
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjɨnX › ‹ gjɨnH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-kərʔ/ /*s-N-kərʔ-s/
English near be near to (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6659 6660
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯnʔ/ /*ɡɯns/

Definitions

  1. (of distances) near; close
    容易遲到 [MSC, trad.]
    容易迟到 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào. [Pinyin]
    Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.
    屋企學校 [Cantonese, trad.]
    屋企学校 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 uk1 kei2 hou2 kan5 hok6 haau6. [Jyutping]
    My home is close to my school.
  2. (of time) near; close
    現在春節 [MSC, trad.]
    现在春节 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le. [Pinyin]
    We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.
    冇乜好聽 [Cantonese, trad.]
    冇乜好听 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gan6 nei1 gei2 nin4 dou1 mou5 mat1 san1 go1 hou2 teng1. [Jyutping]
    There have been few good new songs in the past few years.
  3. intimate; close (on affectionate terms)
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn. [Pinyin]
    Don't be too close with him.
  4. to approach; to be close to
       jìn qiān rén   nearly one thousand people
    四十   nián jìn sìshí   approaching forty
  5. easy to understand
       qiǎnjìn   easy to understand
  6. (Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn

Synonyms

  • (near; close):
  • (intimate):

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. near, close

Readings

Proper noun

(こん) • (Kon) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 가까울 (gakkaul geun))

  1. Hanja form? of (near; close).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: cận, cặn, gàn, gần

  1. chữ Hán form of cận (close; nearby).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.