赤縣神州

Chinese

China the Divine Land
trad. (赤縣神州) 赤縣 神州
simp. (赤县神州) 赤县 神州

Etymology

Attested earliest in Records of the Grand Historian (translation adapted from Tsai-fa Cheng et al., 1994):

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 2/2 1/1 1/1
Initial () (24) (33) (27) (23)
Final () (123) (86) (43) (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Open Open
Division () III IV III III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyhek hwenH zyin tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ /ɦwenH/ /ʑiɪn/ /t͡ɕɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ /ɦʷenH/ /ʑin/ /t͡ɕiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕʰiæk̚/ /ɣuɛnH/ /ʑjen/ /t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cʰiajk̚/ /ɦwɛnH/ /ʑin/ /cuw/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ /ɣuenH/ /d͡ʑiĕn/ /t͡ɕiu/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/ /ɣiwenH/ /d͡ʑĭĕn/ /t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/ /ɣiwenH/ /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chi xuàn shén zhōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cik1 jyun6 san4 zau1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chì xiàn shén zhōu
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyhek › ‹ hwenH › ‹ zyin › ‹ tsyuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[t-qʰ](r)Ak/ /*Cə.[ɡ]ʷˁe[n]-s/ /*Cə.li[n]/ /*tu/
English red district spirit islet in stream; province

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 2/2 1/1 1/1
No. 1477 13578 11245 17493
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 2 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰljaɡ/ /*ɡʷeːns/ /*hlin/ /*tju/

Proper noun

赤縣神州

  1. (figurative) China; Central Plains

Synonyms

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