脂那

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (脂那)		脂	那
simp. ^#(脂那)		脂	那

Etymology

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhīnà, Zhǐnà

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄋㄚˋ, ㄓˇ ㄋㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhīnà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄋㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihnà
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-na⁴
  - Yale: jr̄-nà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jynah
  - Palladius: чжина (čžina)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐnà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄋㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhnà
  - Wade–Giles: chih³-na⁴
  - Yale: jř-nà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyynah
  - Palladius: чжина (čžina)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: tsyij na

Rime
Character	脂	那
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	旨夷切	諾何切
Baxter	tsyij	na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/	/nɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/	/nɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/	/nɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/	/na/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/	/nɑ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/	/nɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/	/nɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	nuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	no⁴

Proper noun

脂那

(obsolete, Buddhism) Alternative form of 支那 (Zhīnà, “China”)

Usage notes

Unlike 支那 (Zhīnà), this term is neutral and no longer in use.

Synonyms

中 (abbreviation)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
猜拿 (cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
華／华 (abbreviation)
華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

Related terms

震旦 (Zhèndàn)

References

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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