चीन

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)

  1. China (a country in Asia)

Declension

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) n

  1. China (a country in Asia)

Derived terms

See also

References

  • Berntsen, Maxine, “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡sinʌ]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: चिन्

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna)

  1. China

Declension

Declension of चीन
Singular
nominative चीन [t͡sin]
accusative चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
instrumental/ergative चीनले [t͡sinle]
dative चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
ablative चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ]
genitive चीनको [t͡sinko]
locative चीनमा [t͡sinmä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕiːnə]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

  1. China

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

  • चीण (cīṇa)

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) m

  1. the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
      पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
      पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥
      pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
      pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ.
      the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
      the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
      तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
      बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥
      tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
      babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā.
      Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
      His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
    • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
    • c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
    • 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चीनः
cīnaḥ
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Vocative चीन
cīna
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Accusative चीनम्
cīnam
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनान्
cīnān
Instrumental चीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative चीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative चीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive चीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locative चीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
  • Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
  • Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
  • Malay: Cina
  • Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
  • Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
  • Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

Noun

चीन • (cīna) stem, n

  1. a bandage for the corners of the eyes

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Vocative चीन
cīna
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Accusative चीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Instrumental चीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative चीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative चीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive चीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locative चीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

  1. Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
  3. Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither, →ISBN, pages 2–3
  4. Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
  5. Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers, number 188
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