देश

See also: दश, दृश्, दिशा, and देशी

Hindi

Alternative forms

देस (des)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪eːʃ/
Audio (file)

Noun

देश • (deś) m (Urdu spelling دیش)

nation, country
Synonym: मुल्क (mulk)

आजकल देश में सर्वत्र शान्ति है।
ājkal deś mẽ sarvatra śānti hai.
These days, there is peace everywhere in the country

देश के नब्बे प्रतिशत लोग शिक्षित है।
deś ke nabbe pratiśat log śikṣit hai.
90% of the people in this country are educated.
- 1851, William Bowley, “Genesis 41”, in The Holy Bible in the Hindi language, Presbyterian Mission Press:
  अकाल होगा और मिस्र देश की सारी बढ़ती भुला जायगी और अकाल देश को नष्ट करेगा॥
  akāl hogā aur misra deś kī sārī baṛhtī bhulā jāygī aur akāl deś ko naṣṭ karegā.
  Then all the abundance in [the country] Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land.
(politics) sovereign state
the people of a country

Declension

Declension of देश (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	देश deś	देश deś
oblique	देश deś	देशों deśõ
vocative	देश deś	देशो deśo

Derived terms

देशद्रोह (deśadroh)
देशपूर्ण (deśpūrṇ)
देशभाषा (deśbhāṣā)
देशी (deśī)
प्रदेश (pradeś)

Related terms

स्वदेश (svadeś)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “देश”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “देश”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Proper noun

देश • (deś) m

Desh, Maharashtra (a region of Maharashtra, India)
(Indian Classical Music) a midnight raga of the Khamaj thaat

Declension

Declension of देश (sg-only masc cons-stem)

	singular
direct	देश deś
oblique	देश deś
vocative	देश deś

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

Audio noicon (file)

Noun

देश • (deś) m

country, nation
place, region

Proper noun

देश • (deś) m

Desh, Maharashtra (a region of Maharashtra, India)

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d̪es]

Phonetic Devanagari: देस्

Noun

देश • (deś)

country, nation

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

দেশ (Assamese script)
ᬤᬾᬰ (Balinese script)
দেশ (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰸𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑁂𑀰 (Brahmi script)
ဒေၐ (Burmese script)
દેશ (Gujarati script)
ਦੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑍇𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦺꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂵𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ದೇಶ (Kannada script)
ទេឝ (Khmer script)
ເທຨ (Lao script)
ദേശ (Malayalam script)
ᡩᡝᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘹𑘫 (Modi script)
ᢑᠧᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧚𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐾𑐱 (Newa script)
ଦେଶ (Odia script)
ꢣꢾꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆼𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖸𑖫 (Siddham script)
දෙශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩔𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚲𑚧 (Takri script)
தே³ஶ (Tamil script)
దేశ (Telugu script)
เทศ (Thai script)
དེ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒹𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨛𑨄𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dayśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dayćás, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱós (“part, point, country”). The Sanskrit root is दिश् (diś, “to point out; to assign”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐj.ɕɐ́/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪eː.ɕɐ/

Noun

देश • (deśá) stem, m

point, region, spot, place, part, portion
province, country, kingdom

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of देश (deśá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	देशः deśáḥ	देशौ / देशा¹ deśaú / deśā́¹	देशाः / देशासः¹ deśā́ḥ / deśā́saḥ¹
Vocative	देश déśa	देशौ / देशा¹ déśau / déśā¹	देशाः / देशासः¹ déśāḥ / déśāsaḥ¹
Accusative	देशम् deśám	देशौ / देशा¹ deśaú / deśā́¹	देशान् deśā́n
Instrumental	देशेन deśéna	देशाभ्याम् deśā́bhyām	देशैः / देशेभिः¹ deśaíḥ / deśébhiḥ¹
Dative	देशाय deśā́ya	देशाभ्याम् deśā́bhyām	देशेभ्यः deśébhyaḥ
Ablative	देशात् deśā́t	देशाभ्याम् deśā́bhyām	देशेभ्यः deśébhyaḥ
Genitive	देशस्य deśásya	देशयोः deśáyoḥ	देशानाम् deśā́nām
Locative	देशे deśé	देशयोः deśáyoḥ	देशेषु deśéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

प्रदेश (pradeśa, “location, country”)
संदेश (saṃdeśa, “message, gift, sweetmeat”)

Descendants

→ Bengali: দেশ (deś)
Bhojpuri: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)
Domari: des
→ Gujarati: દેશ (deś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: देश (deś)

Urdu: دیش (deś)
Kalasha: dēš
→ Kannada: ದೇಶ (dēśa), ದೇಸ (dēsa)
→ Khmer: ទេស (teeh)
Magahi: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)
→ Malay: desa
- Indonesian: desa
→ Marathi: देश (deś)
Northeast Pashayi: deš
→ Old Javanese: deśa
- Javanese: ꦢꦺꦱ (désa)
- → Balinese: ᬤᬾᬰ (désa)
Pali: desa
Phalura: dēš
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਸ਼ (deś), ਦੇਸ (des)

Shahmukhi script: دیش (deś)
Rohingya: dec / 𐴊𐴠𐴐𐴢 (dec)
→ Telugu: దేశము (dēśamu)
→ Tamil: தேசம் (tēcam)
→ Malayalam: ദേശം (dēśaṁ)
→ Thai: เทศ (têet)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “देश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 496/2.

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