昌

昌	U+660C, 昌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660C

← 昋
[U+660B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

昍 →
[U+660D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

昌 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日日 (AA), four-corner 6060₀, composition ⿱日曰)

Derived characters

倡, 唱, 猖, 淐, 娼, 琩, 椙, 晿, 焻, 錩, 誯, 𰎅, 𣣘, 焻, 𤏒, 菖, 䅛, 𬕑, 𬗡, 𪣧, 𪉨(𬸶), 𥓥, 裮, 𢃑, 𥚕, 閶(阊), 䮖, 猖, 䗉, 鯧(鲳), 𪂇, 𥫅

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 491, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13803

Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1490, character 3

Unihan data for U+660C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		昌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 昌
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (昌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
昌	*tʰjaŋ
倡	tʰjaŋ, tʰjaŋs
猖	*tʰjaŋ
菖	*tʰjaŋ
閶	*tʰjaŋ
鯧	*tʰjaŋ
裮	*tʰjaŋ
琩	*tʰjaŋ
唱	*tʰjaŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). During the Warring States Period, 口 developed into 曰.

Etymology 1

昌 (OC khlaŋ ~ thaŋ) is possibly related to 陽 (OC *laŋ), in which case it'd go back to *khlaŋ, supported by Proto-Vietic *hlaŋᴮ; note the phonetic parallelism with 唱 (OC k-hlaŋh) (Schuessler, 2007).

See 陽／阳 (yáng) for further etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chāng (chang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coeng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ciang¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhông

(Meixian, Guangdong): cong¹
Eastern Min (BUC): chiŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiong / chhiang

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tshaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang¹
  - Yale: chāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chang
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng¹
  - Yale: chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ciang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiang
  - Tâi-lô: tshiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note: chhiong/chhiang - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tshaon
  - MiniDict: tshaon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsyhang

Rime
Character	昌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺良切
Baxter	tsyhang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	昌
Reading #	1/1
No.	1249
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昌
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋ/

Definitions

昌

(literary, or in compounds) prosperous; flourishing
(～州) (historical) Chang Prefecture
a surname
^† sunlight
^† good; proper; right
^† beautiful; lovely

Synonyms

(prosperous):

全盛 (quánshèng)
卬卬 (áng'áng) (literary)
富強／富强 (fùqiáng)
富昌 (fùchāng) (literary)
富盛 (fùshèng) (literary)
強盛／强盛 (qiángshèng)
昌明 (chāngmíng) (literary, of a government, culture, etc.)
昌盛 (chāngshèng)
旺盛 (wàngshèng)
昌隆 (chānglóng)
景氣／景气 (jǐngqì)
暢旺／畅旺 (chàngwàng)
條暢／条畅 (tiáochàng) (literary)
火爆 (huǒbào)
紅火／红火 (hónghuo) (mainland China)
繁榮／繁荣 (fánróng)
繁盛 (fánshèng)
繁華／繁华 (fánhuá)
興旺／兴旺 (xīngwàng)
興盛／兴盛 (xīngshèng)
興隆／兴隆 (xīnglóng)
茂盛 (màoshèng)
蓬勃 (péngbó)
蕃昌 (fánchāng) (literary)
軫軫／轸轸 (zhěnzhěn) (literary)
隆昌 (lóngchāng) (literary)
隆盛 (lóngshèng)
鼎盛 (dǐngshèng)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “prosperous”):

不景 (bùjǐng) (Hong Kong)
不景氣／不景气 (bùjǐngqì)
低迷 (dīmí)
冷淡 (lěngdàn)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
清淡 (qīngdàn)
蕭條／萧条 (xiāotiáo)

Compounds

不昌
五世其昌
光昌
南昌 (Nánchāng)
國運昌隆／国运昌隆
大昌 (Dàchāng)
太昌
孝昌 (Xiàochāng)
宜昌 (Yíchāng)
寖明寖昌
屯昌 (Túnchāng)
平昌 (Píngchāng)
幽昌 (yōuchāng)
文昌 (Wénchāng)
文昌星
文昌魚／文昌鱼 (wénchāngyú)
昌光
昌化石 (chānghuàshí)
昌大
昌容
昌平 (Chāngpíng)
昌意
昌明 (chāngmíng)
昌江 (Chāngjiāng)
昌盍
昌盛 (chāngshèng)
昌言 (chāngyán)
昌辭／昌辞
昌達／昌达 (Chāngdá)
昌隆 (chānglóng)
昌黎 (Chānglí)
晉昌／晋昌 (Jìnchāng)
東昌／东昌 (Dōngchāng)
東昌紙／东昌纸
梁昌
樂昌破鏡／乐昌破镜
武昌 (Wǔchāng)
武昌剩竹
武昌起義／武昌起义 (Wǔchāng Qǐyì)
永昌 (yǒngchāng)
泰昌 (Tàichāng)
繁昌 (fánchāng)
繁榮昌盛／繁荣昌盛
蕃昌 (fánchāng)
西昌 (Xīchāng)
許昌／许昌 (Xǔchāng, “Xuchang”)
金昌 (Jīnchāng)
阿昌族 (Āchāngzú)
隆昌 (lóngchāng)
順我者昌，逆我者亡／顺我者昌，逆我者亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiuⁿ / chhioⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chviw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃⁴⁴/

Note: chhiuⁿ/chhioⁿ - vernacular.

Definitions

昌

(Southern Min, in compounds) facial expression

Compounds

張昌／张昌
面昌

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chàng (chang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang⁴
  - Yale: chàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

昌

^† Alternative form of 倡 (“to initiate; to propose”)
^† Alternative form of 唱 (chàng, “to chant; to recite”)

Compounds

昌導／昌导 (chàngdǎo)
昌言 (chàngyán)
昌誦／昌诵 (chàngsòng)

Japanese

Kanji

昌

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

good
prosper

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kun: さかん (sakan)
Nanori: まさ (masa); あき (aki); よし (yoshi); まさし (masashi); あきら (akira); さかえ (sakae); あつ (atsu); すけ (suke)

Korean

Hanja

昌 (eumhun 창성할 창 (changseonghal chang))

prosperity, flourishing, thriving

Vietnamese

Han character

昌: Hán Nôm readings: xương

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