cis
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɪs/
- Rhymes: -ɪs
- Homophone: sis
Etymology 1
From Latin cis (“on this side (of), on the near or same side”). Doublet of he, it, here, hither, and hence.
Adjective
cis (not comparable)
- (biology) Having two mutations on two genes on the same chromosome of a homologous pair.
- (cytology) Of the side of the Golgi apparatus nearer to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.
- 1984, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry, Papers Presented at the ... Meeting:
- 9 is thought to survive longer when the CH = CH bond is cis and to favour the formation of another cis double bond in a propagation reaction involving its displacement by monomer. 10, on the other hand, is more likely to yield a trans double bond […]
- 2007, Vickie A. Vaclavik, Elizabeth W. Christian, Essentials of Food Science, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 277:
- However, a cis double bond causes a kink in the chain. (A cis double bond introduces a bend of about 42 into the linear hydrocarbon chain.)
- 2015, William P Edwards, The Science of Bakery Products, Royal Society of Chemistry, →ISBN, page 26:
- A cis double bond is one where the hydrogen atoms are both on the same side. In contrast, a trans double bond has them on the opposite side.
- (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.
- The cis effect is the labilization of ligands which are cis to certain other ligands.
Antonyms
Related terms
Translations
Alternative forms
- CIS (proscribed)
Adjective
cis (not comparable)
- Cisgender (or sometimes cissexual): not trans (transgender or transsexual) nor non-binary.
- Coordinate term: trans
- 2017 November 21, Trish Bendix, quoting Ashlee Marie Preston, “Why it matters that transgender women are speaking out about Jeffrey Tambor — and that people are listening”, in Yahoo! Lifestyle:
- We're demonized and criminalized as perverts out to trick and deceive cis hetero men; therefore anything that happens to us, we 'had coming.'
- 2019 January 17, James Acaster: Cold Lasagne Hate Myself 1999, spoken by James Acaster:
- Oh yeah, because you know who's been long overdue a challenge? The trans community. Oh, they've had their guard down for too long if you ask me. They'll all be checking their privilege on the way home now thanks to you, you brave little cis boy!
- 2019 September 24, Johnathan Van Ness, Over the Top: A Raw Journey to Self-Love, HarperCollins, →ISBN, pages 117–118:
- The reality is that LGBTQ+ people face challenges at disproportionally higher rates than their straight counterparts — drug use, sex work, and financial instability can be an unfortunate result. My privilege as a young cis white man whose parents weren't going to let me drown afforded me the ability to make those mistakes and live to talk about it.
Usage notes
Compare cis- and its usage notes. See also the usage notes for cis and cisgender in the latter’s entry.
Derived terms
Translations
Czech
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key): [t͡sis]
- Hyphenation: cis
Preposition
cis
- (nonstandard) on this side of[1][2]
- Synonyms: ĉi-flanke de, maltrans
- Antonym: trans
- Ili loĝas cis tiuj montoj. ― They live on this side of those mountains.
- 2003, Aleksander Korĵe (tr.), “Palto”, in Rusa novelaro, Kaliningrad: Sezonoj, translation of original by Nikolaj Gogol, archived from the original on 8 May 2013:
- 2010 September, Donald Broadribb, “Pri tramoj kaj tasoj da teo”, in Mirmekobo, number 10, page 24:
- Trans la strato, laŭ mia vidkapablo, troviĝas nur amaso da arboj; kaj cis, malnovaj mallarĝaj domoj kun komunaj muroj kaj nur etaj gazonoj, kvazaŭ oni devis enŝovi ilin pro manko de spaco.
- Across the street, as far as I can see, is found only a mass of trees; and on this side, little old houses with common walls and only small lawns, as if one had to shove into them for lack of space.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:cis.
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsis/, [ˈs̠is̠]
Usage notes
- Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
- In speech, the declension is often: cissän, cissää, simiar to ässä.
Declension
Inflection of cis (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | cis | cisit | ||
genitive | cisin | cisien | ||
partitive | cisiä | cisejä | ||
illative | cisiin | ciseihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | cis | cisit | ||
accusative | nom. | cis | cisit | |
gen. | cisin | |||
genitive | cisin | cisien | ||
partitive | cisiä | cisejä | ||
inessive | cisissä | ciseissä | ||
elative | cisistä | ciseistä | ||
illative | cisiin | ciseihin | ||
adessive | cisillä | ciseillä | ||
ablative | cisiltä | ciseiltä | ||
allative | cisille | ciseille | ||
essive | cisinä | ciseinä | ||
translative | cisiksi | ciseiksi | ||
abessive | cisittä | ciseittä | ||
instructive | — | cisein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of cis (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡sis/
Preposition
cis
- on this side of (anything)
- Cis la rivero la tereno esas pasable sika.
- On this side of the river the terrain is pretty dry.
Antonyms
- trans (“on the other side of, beyond, across”)
Descendants
- Esperanto: cis
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish ces (“basket, hamper, pannier; bee-hive, skep; causeway of hurdles”), from Old Norse kesja, Latin cista.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [cɪʃ]
Noun
Alternative forms
- ceas f
Declension
Second declension
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
Related terms
- ciseadóireacht f (“wicker-work; basketry”)
Verb
cis (present analytic ciseann, future analytic cisfidh, verbal noun ciseadh, past participle ciste) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | cisim | ciseann tú; cisir† |
ciseann sé, sí | cisimid | ciseann sibh | ciseann siad; cisid† |
a chiseann; a chiseas / a gciseann*; a gciseas* |
cistear |
past | chis mé; chiseas | chis tú; chisis | chis sé, sí | chiseamar; chis muid | chis sibh; chiseabhair | chis siad; chiseadar | a chis / ar chis* |
ciseadh | |
past habitual | chisinn / gcisinn‡‡ | chisteá / gcisteᇇ | chiseadh sé, sí / gciseadh sé, s퇇 | chisimis; chiseadh muid / gcisimis‡‡; gciseadh muid‡‡ | chiseadh sibh / gciseadh sibh‡‡ | chisidís; chiseadh siad / gcisidís‡‡; gciseadh siad‡‡ | a chiseadh / a gciseadh* |
chistí / gcist퇇 | |
future | cisfidh mé; cisfead |
cisfidh tú; cisfir† |
cisfidh sé, sí | cisfimid; cisfidh muid |
cisfidh sibh | cisfidh siad; cisfid† |
a chisfidh; a chisfeas / a gcisfidh*; a gcisfeas* |
cisfear | |
conditional | chisfinn / gcisfinn‡‡ | chisfeá / gcisfeᇇ | chisfeadh sé, sí / gcisfeadh sé, s퇇 | chisfimis; chisfeadh muid / gcisfimis‡‡; gcisfeadh muid‡‡ | chisfeadh sibh / gcisfeadh sibh‡‡ | chisfidís; chisfeadh siad / gcisfidís‡‡; gcisfeadh siad‡‡ | a chisfeadh / a gcisfeadh* |
chisfí / gcisf퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go gcise mé; go gcisead† |
go gcise tú; go gcisir† |
go gcise sé, sí | go gcisimid; go gcise muid |
go gcise sibh | go gcise siad; go gcisid† |
— | go gcistear |
past | dá gcisinn | dá gcisteá | dá gciseadh sé, sí | dá gcisimis; dá gciseadh muid |
dá gciseadh sibh | dá gcisidís; dá gciseadh siad |
— | dá gcistí | |
imperative | cisim | cis | ciseadh sé, sí | cisimis | cisigí; cisidh† |
cisidís | — | cistear | |
verbal noun | ciseadh | ||||||||
past participle | ciste |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Alternative forms
- cisigh
Derived terms
- cisí m (“handicapper”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cis | chis | gcis |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ces”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Italian
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *ki(s), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís (“this”).
Cognate with ce-dō, hi-c, ec-ce, Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Old Irish cē (“here”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma, “to this”). More at he, here.
The accusative could be from either the adverbial derivation, a metaphor like in post and ante, or analogy with trāns.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kis/, [kɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /t͡ʃis/, [t͡ʃis]
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- cis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Malay
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃis/
- Rhymes: -is
Interjection
cis (Jawi spelling چيس)
Further reading
- “cis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Middle English
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃiːs/
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ċīs | ċīs | ċīs |
Accusative | ċīsne | ċīse | ċīs |
Genitive | ċīses | ċīsre | ċīses |
Dative | ċīsum | ċīsre | ċīsum |
Instrumental | ċīse | ċīsre | ċīse |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ċīse | ċīsa, ċīse | ċīs |
Accusative | ċīse | ċīsa, ċīse | ċīs |
Genitive | ċīsra | ċīsra | ċīsra |
Dative | ċīsum | ċīsum | ċīsum |
Instrumental | ċīsum | ċīsum | ċīsum |
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ċīsa | ċīse | ċīse |
Accusative | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīse |
Genitive | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīsan |
Dative | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīsan |
Instrumental | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīsan |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīsan |
Accusative | ċīsan | ċīsan | ċīsan |
Genitive | ċīsra, ċīsena | ċīsra, ċīsena | ċīsra, ċīsena |
Dative | ċīsum | ċīsum | ċīsum |
Instrumental | ċīsum | ċīsum | ċīsum |
References
- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “cís”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “cīs”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to I , Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.
Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tisъ, from Proto-Indo-European *taḱs-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕis/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -is
- Syllabification: cis
Declension
Note: genitive singular form "cisa" can be used only for sense #1.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡sis/
- Rhymes: -is
- Syllabification: cis
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: (Brazil) -is, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -iʃ
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθis/ [ˈθis]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈsis/ [ˈsis]
- Rhymes: -is
- Syllabification: cis