golf
Translingual
English
Etymology
The word is first known in English from the 17th century as a borrowing from Middle Scots golf, gouff. Although the etymology is uncertain, the most likely origin is that it comes from the Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”), related to German Kolben (“piston, rod”), Swedish kolv (“piston, rod”), Old English clopp (“rock; cliff”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɒlf/
- (Conservative RP) IPA(key): /ɡɒf/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡɑlf/, /ɡɔlf/
Audio (US) (file) - (New England) IPA(key): /ɡɒf/
- Rhymes: -ɒlf
Noun
golf (uncountable)
- (sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.
- 2017 October 16, Adam Jourdan, Matt Miller, “In the rough - China closes Wanda golf courses in chilly northeast”, in Himani Sarkar, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 18 March 2023, Business News:
- In January, China’s state planner said it had ordered the closure of more than 100 golf courses in a multi-year campaign launched in 2011 to tackle illegal development in the sector.
Golf has also been added to a list of Communist Party disciplinary violations, and is often cited in cases of graft.
- (international standards) Alternative letter-case form of Golf from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.
Derived terms
- African golf
- army golf
- barnyard golf
- clock golf
- code golf
- crazy golf
- dart golf
- disc golf
- flying disc golf
- frisbee golf
- golf bag
- golf ball
- golf buggy
- golf caddie
- golf caddy
- golf car
- golf cart
- golf clap
- golf club
- golf-club
- golf course
- golf croquet
- golf hole
- golf pencil
- golf pro
- golf shirt
- golf shoe
- golf towel
- golf umbrella
- golf widow
- hickory golf
- midget golf
- miniature golf
- peewee golf
- pub golf
- regex golf
- snow golf
- Tom Thumb golf
- word golf
- word golf
Translations
ball game
|
References
- Michael Quinion (2004) “Golf”, in Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, →ISBN.
Verb
golf (third-person singular simple present golfs, present participle golfing, simple past and past participle golfed)
- (intransitive) To play the game of golf.
- 1894, Rudyard Kipling, The Day's Work/An Error in the Fourth Dimension:
- Last mystery of all, he learned to golf.
- (computing) To write something in as few characters as possible (e.g. in code golf, regex golf)
Translations
Catalan
Etymology 1
Inherited from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin colfus, colphus, culfus, alteration of colpus, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “golf” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡolf]
Declension
Declension
Further reading
References
- "golf¹" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
- "golf²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
Dutch
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch gelve, from Proto-Germanic *gelbaną, Influenced by Late Latin colfus, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣɔlf/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: golf
- Rhymes: -ɔlf
Synonyms
- (wave): waag
Derived terms
- arrestatiegolf
- geluidsgolf
- kortegolf
- lichtgolf
- microgolf
- radiogolf
- vloedgolf
- zwaartekrachtsgolf
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣɔlf/, /ɡɔlf/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: golf
- Rhymes: -ɔlf
Further reading
- “golf” in Van Dale Onlinewoordenboek, Van Dale Lexicografie, 2007.
Faroese
Declension
| Declension of golf (singular only) | ||
|---|---|---|
| n3s | singular | |
| indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | golf | golfið |
| accusative | golf | golfið |
| dative | golfi | golfinum |
| genitive | golfs | golfsins |
Derived terms
- golfbóltur m
- golfbreyt f
- golfleikari m
- golfvøllur m
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡolf/, [ˈɡo̞lf]
- Rhymes: -olf
- Syllabification(key): golf
Declension
| Inflection of golf (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | golf | golfit | ||
| genitive | golfin | golfien | ||
| partitive | golfia | golfeja | ||
| illative | golfiin | golfeihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | golf | golfit | ||
| accusative | nom. | golf | golfit | |
| gen. | golfin | |||
| genitive | golfin | golfien | ||
| partitive | golfia | golfeja | ||
| inessive | golfissa | golfeissa | ||
| elative | golfista | golfeista | ||
| illative | golfiin | golfeihin | ||
| adessive | golfilla | golfeilla | ||
| ablative | golfilta | golfeilta | ||
| allative | golfille | golfeille | ||
| essive | golfina | golfeina | ||
| translative | golfiksi | golfeiksi | ||
| abessive | golfitta | golfeitta | ||
| instructive | — | golfein | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of golf (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
verbs
compounds
Further reading
- “golf”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɔlf/
- Homophone: golfe
Further reading
- “golf”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡolf]
- Hyphenation: golf
- Rhymes: -olf
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | golf | golfok |
| accusative | golfot | golfokat |
| dative | golfnak | golfoknak |
| instrumental | golffal | golfokkal |
| causal-final | golfért | golfokért |
| translative | golffá | golfokká |
| terminative | golfig | golfokig |
| essive-formal | golfként | golfokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | golfban | golfokban |
| superessive | golfon | golfokon |
| adessive | golfnál | golfoknál |
| illative | golfba | golfokba |
| sublative | golfra | golfokra |
| allative | golfhoz | golfokhoz |
| elative | golfból | golfokból |
| delative | golfról | golfokról |
| ablative | golftól | golfoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
golfé | golfoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
golféi | golfokéi |
| Possessive forms of golf | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | golfom | golfjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | golfod | golfjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | golfja | golfjai |
| 1st person plural | golfunk | golfjaink |
| 2nd person plural | golfotok | golfjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | golfjuk | golfjaik |
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading
- golf in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɔlv/
- Rhymes: -ɔlv
Declension
Derived terms
- golfari m (“golfer”)
- golfbíll m (“golf cart”)
- golfvöllur m (“golf course”)
Indonesian
Etymology
Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English golf, most likely from Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡol(ĕ)f/
- Hyphenation: golf
Noun
golf (first-person possessive golfku, second-person possessive golfmu, third-person possessive golfnya)
Derived terms
- bergolf
- pegolf
Further reading
- “golf” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɔlf/
- Rhymes: -ɔlf
- Hyphenation: gòlf
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
golf m (definite singular golfen, uncountable)
- golf (a game played with a golf club and golf ball)
Derived terms
Noun
golf m (definite singular golfen, indefinite plural golfer, definite plural golfene)
- a gulf (large bay)
Derived terms
References
- “golf” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
golf m (definite singular golfen, uncountable)
- golf (a game played with a golf club and golf ball)
Noun
golf m (definite singular golfen, indefinite plural golfar, definite plural golfane)
- a gulf (large bay)
Derived terms
References
- “golf” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɔlf/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔlf
- Syllabification: golf
- Homophone: Golf
Declension
Declension
Etymology 3
Borrowed from German Volkswagen Golf, a genericized trademark.
Declension
Noun
golf m inan
Declension
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡow.fi/ [ˈɡoʊ̯.fi], /ˈɡowf/ [ˈɡoʊ̯f]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡowf/ [ˈɡoʊ̯f], /ˈɡow.fi/ [ˈɡoʊ̯.fi]
- Hyphenation: golf
Romanian
Declension
Slovak
Noun
golf m inan (genitive singular golfu, nominative plural golfy, genitive plural golfov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
Derived terms
- golfový
- golfský
Further reading
- “golf”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡolf/ [ˈɡolf]
- Rhymes: -olf
- Syllabification: golf
Further reading
- “golf”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
en man som spelar golf
Mexikanska golfen (the Gulf of Mexico)
Noun
golf c
Usage notes
Vik is used instead of golf in some names, for example in "Persiska viken" (the Persian Gulf).
Declension
| Declension of golf | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | golf | golfen | golfer | golferna |
| Genitive | golfs | golfens | golfers | golfernas |
| Declension of golf 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncountable | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Nominative | golf | golfen | — | — |
| Genitive | golfs | golfens | — | — |
Derived terms
References
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ɣon˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ɣoŋ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ɣoŋ˧˧]
- Phonetic: gôn
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.