afrontar
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem.
Pronunciation
Verb
afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontí, past participle afrontat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /o/
Conjugation
Further reading
- “afrontar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “afrontar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “afrontar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “afrontar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese afrontar, from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. Equivalent to a- + fronte + -ar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [afɾonˈtaɾ]
Verb
afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontei, past participle afrontado)
- (transitive) to face, confront
- (transitive) to abuse, insult
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to take offense
- 1697, José Gil Taboada, Grande loita de luceiros:
- Señora may (os luceyros
Din) vostede s'afrontou
Sen causa, porque esta loyta
Ll'a de dar mais relumbros.- Lady mother -the luminaries
Say- your grace took offense
With no motive, because this fight
Will give you more shine
- Lady mother -the luminaries
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to suffocate
- (intransitive) to gasp, to pant
Conjugation
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
References
- “afrontar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “afront” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “afrontar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “afrontar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “afrontar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “afrontar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Etymology
Attested from the 12th century.[1] From Old Occitan [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem.
Pronunciation
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | afrontar | aver afrontat | |||||
gerund | afrontant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | afrontat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | afronti | afrontas | afronta | afrontam | afrontatz | afrontan | |
imperfect | afrontavi | afrontavas | afrontava | afrontàvem | afrontàvetz | afrontavan | |
preterite | afrontèri | afrontères | afrontèt | afrontèrem | afrontèretz | afrontèron | |
future | afrontarai | afrontaràs | afrontarà | afrontarem | afrontaretz | afrontaràn | |
conditional | afrontariái | afrontariás | afrontariá | afrontariam | afrontariatz | afrontarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | afrontèra | afrontèras | afrontèra | afronteram | afronteratz | afrontèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronte | afrontem | afrontetz | afronten | |
imperfect | afrontèssi | afrontèsses | afrontèsse | afrontèssem | afrontèssetz | afrontèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
afronta | afrontem | afrontatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | afrontar | aver afrontat | |||||
gerund | afrontant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | afrontat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronta | afrontam | afrontatz | afronton | |
imperfect | afrontave | afrontaves | afrontava | afrontaviam | afrontaviatz | afrontavon | |
preterite | afrontere | afronteres | afrontet | afrontem | afrontetz | afronteron | |
future | afrontarai | afrontaràs | afrontará | afrontarem | afrontaretz | afrontarán | |
conditional | afrontariá | afrontariás | afrontariá | afrontariam | afrontariatz | afrontarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | afrontèra | afrontèras | afrontèra | afronteram | afronteratz | afrontèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronte | afrontassiam | afrontassiatz | afronton | |
imperfect | afrontesse | afrontesses | afrontesse | afrontessiam | afrontessiatz | afrontesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
afronta | afrontassiam | afrontatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | afrontar | aver afrontat | |||||
gerund | afrontant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | afrontat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | afronti | afrontas | afronta | afrontam | afrontatz | afrontan | |
imperfect | afrontavi | afrontavas | afrontava | afrontàvam | afrontàvatz | afrontavan | |
preterite | afrontèi | afrontès | afrontè | afrontèm | afrontètz | afrontèn | |
future | afrontarèi | afrontaràs | afrontarà | afrontaram | afrontaratz | afrontaràn | |
conditional | afrontarí | afrontarés | afrontaré | afrontarem | afrontaretz | afrontarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | afrontèra | afrontèras | afrontèra | afronteram | afronteratz | afrontèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | afronti | afrontes | afronte | afrontem | afrontetz | afronten | |
imperfect | afrontèssi | afrontèsses | afrontèsse | afrontèssem | afrontèssetz | afrontèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
afronta | afrontem | afrontatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | afrontar | aver afrontat | |||||
gerund | afrontant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | afrontat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | afronte | afrontas | afronta | afrontam | afrontatz | afrontan | |
imperfect | afrontava | afrontavas | afrontava | afrontàvam | afrontàvatz | afrontavan | |
preterite | afrontei | afronteras | afrontet | afrontèram | afrontèratz | afronteran | |
future | afrontarai | afrontaràs | afrontará | afrontarem | afrontaretz | afrontarán | |
conditional | afrontariá | afrontariàs | afrontariá | afrontariam | afrontariatz | afrontarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | afrontèra | afrontèras | afrontèra | afronteram | afronteratz | afrontèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronte | afrontem | afrontetz | afronten | |
imperfect | afrontèsse | afrontèsses | afrontèsse | afrontèssem | afrontèssetz | afrontèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
afronta | afrontem | afrontatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | afrontar | aver afrontat | |||||
gerund | afrontant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | afrontat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronta | afrontam | afrontatz | afrontan | |
imperfect | afrontavi | afrontavas | afrontava | afrontàvem | afrontàvetz | afrontavan | |
preterite | afrontère | afrontères | afrontèt | afronteriam | afronteriatz | afrontèron | |
future | afrontarai | afrontaràs | afrontarà | afrontarem | afrontaretz | afrontaràn | |
conditional | afrontariáu | afrontariás | afrontariá | afrontariam | afrontariatz | afrontarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | afrontèra | afrontèras | afrontèra | afronteram | afronteratz | afrontèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | afronte | afrontes | afronte | afrontem | afrontetz | afrontan | |
imperfect | afrontèsse | afrontèsses | afrontèsse | afrontessiam | afrontessiatz | afrontèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
afronta | afrontem | afrontatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
References
- Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 22.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. By surface analysis, a- + fronte + -ar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.fɾõˈtaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.fɾõˈta.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: a‧fron‧tar
Verb
afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontei, past participle afrontado)
Conjugation
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:afrontar.
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, derived from Latin ad- + frontem. Doublet of afrentar. The expected diphthongization of Latin stressed /ŏ/ is attested in medieval conjugations such as afruenta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /afɾonˈtaɾ/ [a.fɾõn̪ˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Venezuela): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: a‧fron‧tar
Verb
afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afronté, past participle afrontado)
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive afrontar | |||||||
dative | afrontarme | afrontarte | afrontarle, afrontarse | afrontarnos | afrontaros | afrontarles, afrontarse | |
accusative | afrontarme | afrontarte | afrontarlo, afrontarla, afrontarse | afrontarnos | afrontaros | afrontarlos, afrontarlas, afrontarse | |
with gerund afrontando | |||||||
dative | afrontándome | afrontándote | afrontándole, afrontándose | afrontándonos | afrontándoos | afrontándoles, afrontándose | |
accusative | afrontándome | afrontándote | afrontándolo, afrontándola, afrontándose | afrontándonos | afrontándoos | afrontándolos, afrontándolas, afrontándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative afronta | |||||||
dative | afróntame | afróntate | afróntale | afróntanos | not used | afróntales | |
accusative | afróntame | afróntate | afróntalo, afróntala | afróntanos | not used | afróntalos, afróntalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative afrontá | |||||||
dative | afrontame | afrontate | afrontale | afrontanos | not used | afrontales | |
accusative | afrontame | afrontate | afrontalo, afrontala | afrontanos | not used | afrontalos, afrontalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative afronte | |||||||
dative | afrónteme | not used | afróntele, afróntese | afróntenos | not used | afrónteles | |
accusative | afrónteme | not used | afróntelo, afróntela, afróntese | afróntenos | not used | afróntelos, afróntelas | |
with first-person plural imperative afrontemos | |||||||
dative | not used | afrontémoste | afrontémosle | afrontémonos | afrontémoos | afrontémosles | |
accusative | not used | afrontémoste | afrontémoslo, afrontémosla | afrontémonos | afrontémoos | afrontémoslos, afrontémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative afrontad | |||||||
dative | afrontadme | not used | afrontadle | afrontadnos | afrontaos | afrontadles | |
accusative | afrontadme | not used | afrontadlo, afrontadla | afrontadnos | afrontaos | afrontadlos, afrontadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative afronten | |||||||
dative | afróntenme | not used | afróntenle | afróntennos | not used | afróntenles, afróntense | |
accusative | afróntenme | not used | afróntenlo, afróntenla | afróntennos | not used | afróntenlos, afróntenlas, afróntense |
Derived terms
References
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “frente”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 954
Further reading
- “afrontar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014