軍

軍 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月十田十 (BJWJ), four-corner 3750₆, composition ⿱冖車)

• 㑮 喗 堚 媈 㡓 惲 揮 㫎 暉 楎 渾 煇 㹆 琿 皹 睴 禈 緷 腪 褌 諢 䝍 賱 䡣 鍕 䩵 韗 餫 䮝 鯶 鼲 齳 輝 運 皸 鄆 顐 鶤 瘒 㟦 暈 翬 葷
• 𡺠 𣄈 𣨿 𤟴/𤟤 𤾈 𦑩 𧎊 𧳰 𨂱 𨡫 𪏕 𤐕 𣣞 𧡡 𩙵 𩠫 𢉦 𡍦 𥪠 𥰃 𩮔 𨋿 𨌗 𫏼
• 𭛒 𮥒 𬒚 𮊋 𬦖 𮙡

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1239, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38179
• Dae Jaweon: page 1713, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3513, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8ECD

Historical forms of the character 軍
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 勹. The phonetic component here is not 勹 (OC *pruː), but the original form of 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ), which also acts as the phonetic component of 旬 (OC *sɢʷin), 勻 (OC *ɢʷin) and 云 (OC *ɢun).

The Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 車 (“cart; chariot”) + 勹 (“to surround”).

Etymology not clear. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan གཡུལ (g.yul, “army; battle”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, it is a derivation from 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to move”), or related to 群 (OC *ɡlun).

軍

1. armed forces; army; troops

   美軍／美军  ―  měijūn  ―  United States Armed Forces

   參軍／参军  ―  cānjūn  ―  to join the army

   海軍／海军  ―  hǎijūn  ―  navy

   • 全軍為上，破軍次之 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     全军为上，破军次之 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE

     quán jūn wéi shàng, pò jūn cì zhī [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. corps; army (consisting of two or more divisions) (Classifier: 個／个)

   關東軍／关东军  ―  guāndōng jūn  ―  Kwantung Army

   Synonym: 軍團／军团 (jūntuán)

3. soldiers

   • 軍皆殊死戰，不可敗。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     军皆殊死战，不可败。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Jūn jiē shūsǐ zhàn, bùkě bài. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. (literary) to station

   • 楚子伐隨，軍於漢淮之間。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     楚子伐随，军于汉淮之间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Chǔ zǐ fá Suí, jūn yú Hàn Huái zhījiān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (historical) the punishment of being transported to a remote location for penal servitude
6. (historical) a kind of first-level administrative division during the Song Dynasty

   興化軍／兴化军  ―  Xīnghuà jūn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• “軍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: くん (kun)
• Kan-on: くん (kun)
• Kan’yō-on: ぐん (gun, Jōyō)
• Kun: いくさ (ikusa, 軍)
• Nanori: いさ (isa); すすむ (susumu); むら (mura); むれ (mure)

• 軍鶏(シャモ) (shamo)

/kʲun/ → /ɡun/

From Middle Chinese 軍 (MC kjun).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “explain shift from /k-/ → /ɡ-/”)

• (Tokyo) ぐ​ん [gúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

軍(ぐん) • (gun) 

1. an army, corps

   Synonyms: 軍隊 (guntai), 軍団 (gundan)

2. the armed forces, military

   Synonym: 軍部 (gunbu)

   Hyponyms: 海軍 (kaigun), 空軍 (kūgun), 陸軍 (rikugun)

3. (military) forces
4. (historical, military) during the Zhou dynasty, an army of five 師 (shi, “divisions of 2500 soldiers”) totaling 12500 soldiers
5. (especially in sports) a team

軍(ぐん) • (gun) 

1. army, soldiers
2. battle, conflict, fighting, war
3. team

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

The iku part is possibly derived from either 射くう (ikuu, “to shoot (an arrow)”, obsolete), 的 (ikuha, “target”, archaic), or classical verb 生く (iku, “to exist, live; bring to life”). The iku- in the first and second etyma appear to be cognate.

The final sa is likely from 矢 (sa, “arrow”, obsolete) or さ (-sa, suffix attached to verbs to refer to the time that the activity is done, or to nouns indicating direction).

• (Tokyo) いくさ​ [ìkúsáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2][3]
• (Tokyo) いくさ [ìkúsá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ikɯ̟ᵝsa̠]

軍(いくさ) • (ikusa) 

1. (archaic) a soldier, warrior; an army
2. (archaic) archery

From Middle Chinese 軍 (MC kjun).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kun]
• Phonetic hangul: [군]

Wikisource 軍 (eumhun 군사 군 (gunsa gun))

1. Hanja form^? of 군 (“army; soldier”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

The iku part is possibly derived from either 射くふ (ikupu, “to shoot (an arrow)”), 的 (ikupa, “target”), or verb 生く (iku, “to exist, live; bring to life”). The iku- in the first and second etyma appear to be cognate.

The final sa is likely from 矢 (sa, “arrow”) or さ (-sa, suffix attached to verbs to refer to the time that the activity is done, or to nouns indicating direction).

軍 (ikusa) (kana いくさ)

1. archery
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Empress Jitō, entry 36: third year, seventh month in autumn:

     丙寅、詔左右京職及諸國司、築習射所。

     On the fifteenth day (hinoetora), by decree [of the Empress] the political sector of the imperial government and all provincial governors were to build archery ranges.

2. a soldier, troop, warrior; an army
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Yūryaku, entry 19: eighth year, second month in spring:

     高麗王即發軍兵、屯聚筑足流城〈或本云、都久斯岐城〉。

     The King of Gorguryeo dispatched his army, assembling at Tukusököru nö Sasi (another record reads Tukïsiki nö Sasi).

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 972:
     , text here

     千萬乃軍奈利友言擧不為取而可來男常曾念

     tiyo₂ro₂du no₂ ikusa narito₂mo ko₂to₂age sezu to₂rite ki₁nubeki₁ ono₂ko₁ to₂ so₂ omopu

     Though ten million warriors threaten, he will not utter kotoage, but go off to subjugate the horde―this man for whom I yearn.[1]

• Japanese: 軍, 戦 (ikusa)

軍: Hán Nôm readings: quân

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.