模

模	U+6A21, 模 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A21

← 樠
[U+6A20]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樢 →
[U+6A22]

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China and Japan

Han character

模 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493₄, composition ⿰木莫)

Derived characters

𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 551, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453

Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 9

Unihan data for U+6A21

Chinese

trad.		模
simp. ^#		模

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 模
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶mu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
  - Hakka Romanization System: muˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu²
  - Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶mu
  - MiniDict: mu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/

Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ mu ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁa/
English	model
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
No.	9241
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

模

model; standard; example
to copy; to imitate
Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
名模 ― míngmó ― famous fashion model

𡃁模 [Cantonese] ― leng¹ mou⁴ [Jyutping] ― young model; pseudo-model
Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
(mathematics) modulus
同餘的模／同余的模 ― tóngyú de mó ― modulus of congruence
(mathematics) modulo
5 與 8 同餘模3。 [MSC, trad.]
5 与 8 同余模3。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǔ yǔ bā tóngyú mó sān. [Pinyin]
5 and 8 are congruent modulo 3.
(mathematics) modular
模形式 ― móxíngshì ― modular form
(mathematics) module
自由模 ― zìyóumó ― free module
a surname

Compounds

一代楷模
像模
印模
地震規模／地震规模
大規模／大规模 (dàguīmó)
奉為楷模／奉为楷模
奧會模式／奥会模式
工模
常模
彈性模數／弹性模数
德國模式／德国模式
手模 (shǒumó)
文化模式
有模子
木模
楷模 (kǎimó)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模仿性
模倣／模仿 (mófǎng)
模傚
模型 (móxíng)
模型玩具 (móxíng wánjù)
模型飛機／模型飞机
模塊／模块 (mókuài)
模塑成形
模壓／模压
模寫／模写 (móxiě)
模寫論／模写论
模式 (móshì)
模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
模擬器／模拟器 (mónǐqì)
模擬投票／模拟投票
模擬演習／模拟演习
模擬考試／模拟考试
模效
模書／模书
模本 (móběn)
模棱兩可／模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
模楷
模模糊糊
模特兒／模特儿
模稜／模棱 (móléng)
模稜兩可／模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
模範／模范 (mófàn)
模範區／模范区
模範村／模范村
模範生／模范生
模糊
模糊理論／模糊理论
模組／模组 (mózǔ)
模網論壇／模网论坛
模表
模造紙／模造纸
模里西斯 (Mólǐxīsī)
模黏
沖模／冲模
石膏模型 (shígāo móxíng)
砂模
船模試驗／船模试验
花剌子模 (Huālàzǐmó)
螺模
螺絲模／螺丝模
血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)
行為模式／行为模式
規模／规模 (guīmó)
規模遠舉／规模远举
軌模／轨模
迷颩模登／迷𱃔模登
酸模 (suānmó)
首鼠模棱

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mú, mó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴, mou^4-2
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ / bhou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mú
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mú
  - Wade–Giles: mu²
  - Yale: mú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴, mou^4-2
  - Yale: mòuh, móu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴, mou^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴, mou^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/, /mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Note:

mou4 - "appearance" or "mold";
mou4-2 - "mold".

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵ / bhou⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô / bôu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/, /bou⁵⁵/

Note:

mo5 - literary;
bhou5 - vernacular.

Definitions

模

appearance
mold; matrix; shape; pattern

Compounds

一模一樣／一模一样 (yīmúyīyàng)
不成模樣／不成模样
中注模樣
人模人樣／人模人样
人模狗樣／人模狗样 (rénmógǒuyàng)
俏模樣／俏模样
像模像樣／像模像样
喬模喬樣／乔模乔样
大模大樣／大模大样 (dàmúdàyàng)
大模廝樣／大模厮样 (dàmúsīyàng)
好模好樣／好模好样
字模 (zìmó)
小模樣兒／小模样儿
怪模怪樣／怪模怪样 (guàimúguàiyàng)
惡模惡樣／恶模恶样
有模有樣／有模有样
模本 (móběn)
模板 (múbǎn)
模板工
死模活漾
紅模子／红模子
裝模作樣／装模作样 (zhuāngmúzuòyàng)
銅模／铜模
鑄模／铸模 (zhùmú)

Japanese

Kanji

模

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
Kun: かた (kata, 模); かたぎ (katagi, 模); かたどる (katadoru, 模る); のっとる (nottoru, 模る)
Nanori: かた (kata); とお (tō); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro)

Compounds

相模(さがみ) (Sagami)
酸模(すかんぼ) (sukanbo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
模
も Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mo̞]

Affix

模(も) • (mo)

model; pattern
appearance

Derived terms

模(も)楷(かい) (mokai)
模(も)擬(ぎ) (mogi) (摸(も)擬(ぎ), 摹(も)擬(ぎ))
模(も)型(けい) (mokei)
模(も)糊(こ) (moko) (糢(も)糊(こ))
模(も)傚(こう) (mokō)
模(も)刻(こく) (mokoku) (摸(も)刻(こく), 摹(も)刻(こく))
模(も)索(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)索(さく))
模(も)作(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)作(さく))
模(も)式(しき) (moshiki)
模(も)写(しゃ) (mosha) (摸(も)写(しゃ))
模(も)出(しゅつ) (moshutsu) (摸(も)出(しゅつ))
模(も)製(せい) (mosei) (摸(も)製(せい))
模(も)像(ぞう) (mozō)
模(も)造(ぞう) (mozō) (摸(も)造(ぞう))
模(も)拓(たく) (motaku) (摸(も)拓(たく))
模(も)搨(とう) (motō)
模(も)範(はん), 模(も)笵(はん) (mohan)
模(も)表(ひょう) (mohyō)
模(も)倣(ほう) (mohō) (摸(も)倣(ほう), 摹(も)倣(ほう))
模(も)本(ほん) (mohon) (摸(も)本(ほん), 摹(も)本(ほん))
模(も)様(よう) (moyō)
模(も)稜(りょう) (moryō) (摸(も)稜(りょう))
模(も)臨(りん) (morin) (摸(も)臨(りん))
佳(か)模(も), 嘉(か)模(も) (kamo)
範(はん)模(も) (hanmo)
描(びょう)模(も) (byōmo) (描(びょう)摸(も), 描(びょう)摹(も))
倣(ほう)模(も) (hōmo)
臨(りん)模(も) (rinmo) (臨(りん)摹(も))

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
模
ぼ Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bo̞]

Affix

模(ぼ) • (bo)

(uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

Derived terms

模(ぼ)楷(かい) (bokai)
模(ぼ)倣(ほう) (bohō)
楷(かい)模(ぼ) (kaibo)
規(き)模(ぼ) (kibo) (規(き)摸(ぼ), 規(き)摹(ぼ))
臨(りん)模(ぼ) (rinbo) (臨(りん)摹(ぼ))

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
模
かたぎ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry.

【かたぎ】

[noun] carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc.

[noun] printing wooden block

[noun] model; pattern

Alternative spelling
形木

(This term, 模, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))

Hanja form^? of 모 (“model, standard, pattern”).

模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))

Hanja form^? of 모 (“copy, imitate”).

Compounds

모양 (模樣, moyang)

Vietnamese

Han character

模: Hán Nôm readings: mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù

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