怵惕

Chinese

		fearful; timid; to fear	fearful; respectful
trad. (怵惕)		怵	惕
simp. ^#(怵惕)		怵	惕

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chùtì

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˋ ㄊㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeot¹ tik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chùtì
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˋ ㄊㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chùtì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu⁴-tʻi⁴
  - Yale: chù-tì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuhtih
  - Palladius: чути (čuti)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeot¹ tik¹
  - Yale: jēut tīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoet⁷ tik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêd¹ tig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵt̚⁵ tʰɪk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: trhwit thek

Rime
Character	怵	惕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	術 (52)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	丑律切	他歷切
Baxter	trhwit	thek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰiuɪt̚/	/tʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰʷit̚/	/tʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰjuet̚/	/tʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰwit̚/	/tʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiuĕt̚/	/tʰek̚/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭuĕt̚/	/tʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯uĕt̚/	/tʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chu	ti
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceot¹	tik¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰud l̥ʰeːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tì
Middle Chinese	‹ thek ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁek/
English	anxious, worried
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怵	惕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11850	15041
Phonetic component	术	易
Rime group	物	錫
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	黜	逖
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰud/	/*l̥ʰeːɡ/

Adjective

怵惕

(literary) scared; alarmed
- 所以謂人皆有不忍人之心者，今人乍見孺子將入於井，皆有怵惕惻隱之心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  所以谓人皆有不忍人之心者，今人乍见孺子将入于井，皆有怵惕恻隐之心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Suǒyǐ wèi rén jiēyǒu bùrěnrénzhīxīn zhě, jīn rén zhà jiàn rúzǐ jiāng rùyú jǐng, jiēyǒu chùtì cèyǐn zhīxīn. [Pinyin]
  When I say that all men have a mind which cannot bear to see the sufferings of others, my meaning may be illustrated thus: even now-a-days, if men suddenly see a child about to fall into a well, they will without exception experience a feeling of alarm and distress.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
怵	惕
じゅっ Hyōgaiji	てき Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゅってき [jùttékí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝt̚te̞kʲi]

Noun

怵(じゅっ)惕(てき) • (jutteki)

scared; alarmed

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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