丑
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
丑 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓土 (NG), four-corner 17105, composition ⿴ユ十 or ⿻彐丨)
Traditional | 丑 |
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Simplified | 丑 |
Japanese | 丑 |
Korean | 丑 |
Usage notes
In Mainland China's Modern Chinese General Chinese Characters Stroke Order Standard (现代汉语通用字笔顺规范) and Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》), the third stroke touches the first stroke (相接 (xiāngjiē)) but does not cross over it. In the Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong standards, the third stroke crosses over the first stroke (相交 (xiāngjiāo)).
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23
- Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 12, character 7
- Unihan data for U+4E11
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 丑 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – a hand.
Etymology 1
trad. | 丑 | |
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simp. # | 丑 | |
alternative forms | 丒 㗺 𠃠 |
Smith (2010) proposes that 丑 graphically depicts the claw-like "final, narrow phase of the moon"; he glosses it as "thing that pinches > pincer" and groups it into a word-family which is based on 扭 (OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ, “twist, pinch”) and also includes
- 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”);
- 杻 (OC *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ) ~ 杽 (OC *n̥ʰɯwʔ, “manacle”), which equally uses 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ) or 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ) as phonophoric, as noted by Unger (1995) and Sagart (1999);
- 紐 (OC *nuʔ) ~ 鈕 (OC *nuʔ, “grip handle”), with which Shuowen glosses 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ);
- 狃 (OC *nuʔ, *nus, “animal tracks”), suggested to mean "animals' fingers" by Sagart (1999).
Its association with the ox is from Austroasiatic (Mei, 1980; Norman, 1985; Ferlus, 2013); compare Proto-Vietic *c-luː (“water buffalo”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”), Proto-Austroasiatic *k.r.pu.y (“buffalo”).
Pronunciation
Coordinate terms
Etymology 2
trad. | 丑 | |
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simp. # | 丑 |
- 以墨粉塗面,其形甚醜。今省文為丑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1559, 徐渭 [Xu Wei], 《南詞敘錄》 [An Account of Southern Drama]
- Yǐ mòfěn tú miàn, qí xíng shèn chǒu. Jīn xǐngwén wèi chǒu. [Pinyin]
- His face is smeared with powdered ink, and his appearance is very 醜 (ugly). It is now graphically simplified to 丑.
以墨粉涂面,其形甚醜。今省文为丑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
Compounds
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 丑 – see 醜 (“ugly; homely; hideous; shameful; disgraceful; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 醜). |
Notes:
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Korean
Etymology 1
From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 추 (chu) based on Middle Chinese 丑 (MC trhjuwX).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰuk̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [축]
Hanja
Wikisource
丑 (eumhun 소 축 (so chuk))
丑 (eumhun 둘째 지지 축 (duljjae jiji chuk))
- Hanja form? of 축 (“ox; second earthly branch”).
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 丑 (MC trhjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 튜ᇢ〯 (Yale: thyǔw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰu]
- Phonetic hangul: [추]