на
Avar
Bashkir
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɑ]
- Hyphenation: на (one syllable)
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- (stressed) IPA(key): [na]
Audio (stressed) (file) - (unstressed) IPA(key): [na]
Preposition
на • (na)
- used to express possession, of, 's
- София е столицата на България.
- Sofija e stolicata na Bǎlgarija.
- Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.
- къщата на баща ми
- kǎštata na bašta mi
- my father's house
- used to indicate the indirect object, to (or it's not translated)
- Дай го на Петър.
- Daj go na Petǎr.
- Give it to Peter.
- Дай на Петър една книга.
- Daj na Petǎr edna kniga.
- Give Peter a book.
- used with nouns formed from intransitive verbs to indicate the subject of the action, of
- пристигането на гостите
- pristiganeto na gostite
- the arrival of the guests
- избухването на войната
- izbuhvaneto na vojnata
- the outbreak of the war
- used with nouns formed from transitive verbs to indicate the direct object of the action, of
- четенето на книгата
- četeneto na knigata
- the reading of the book
- изобретяването на компютъра
- izobretjavaneto na kompjutǎra
- the invention of the computer
- used with some verbs such as уча, мириша, etc. to give a description of the action
- Дъхът му миришеше на чесън.
- Dǎhǎt mu mirišeše na česǎn.
- His breath smelt of garlic.
- Опитът ни на бежанци ни научи на много ценни уроци.
- Opitǎt ni na bežanci ni nauči na mnogo cenni uroci.
- Our experience as refugees taught us many valuable lessons.
- positioned at the upper surface of, within the limits of, on, on, at, in
- Книгата е на масата.
- Knigata e na masata.
- The book is on the table.
- на двора ― na dvora ― in the yard
- на море ― na more ― at the seaside
- на планина ― na planina ― in the mountain
- на сватба ― na svatba ― at a wedding
- на север ― na sever ― in the north
- на улицата ― na ulicata ― in the street
- на училище съм ― na učilište sǎm ― to be at school
- седя на масата ― sedja na masata ― to sit at the table
- used to show direction, to, on
- Отивам на плажа.
- Otivam na plaža.
- I'm going to the beach.
- на ляво/дясно ― na ljavo/djasno ― on the left/right
- used to indicate destination, in the direction of, and arriving at, on, to, for
- отивам на училище ― otivam na učilište ― to go to school
- отивам на работа ― otivam na rabota ― to go to work
- отивам на почивка ― otivam na počivka ― to go on a holiday
- отивам на разходка ― otivam na razhodka ― to go for a walk
- ходя на лов/риба/ски/покупки ― hodja na lov/riba/ski/pokupki ― to go hunting/fishing/skiing/shopping
- used to introduce a noun phrase that describes the verb, or if it is a linking verb, to describe the subject of the verb
- Времето е на дъжд.
- Vremeto e na dǎžd.
- It looks like rain.
- Вятърът духа на пролет.
- Vjatǎrǎt duha na prolet.
- The wind is blowing like spring is coming.
- да обичаш на инат
- da običaš na inat
- to love stubbornly
- used to show a reason or cause, for
- Събрахме се на вечеря.
- Sǎbrahme se na večerja.
- We gathered for dinner.
- Занесох колелото си на поправка.
- Zanesoh koleloto si na popravka.
- I took my bike in for repair.
- used with certain time expressions to show when something happens, on, at, in (or it is not translated)
- Роден на 4 юли.
- Roden na 4 juli.
- Born on 4 July.
- На следващия ден имах изпит.
- Na sledvaštija den imah izpit.
- I had an exam (on) the following day.
- На сутринта имах ужасен махмурлук.
- Na sutrinta imah užasen mahmurluk.
- I had a terrible hangover in the morning.
- на залез слънце ― na zalez slǎnce ― at sunset
- на часа ― na časa ― immediately/at once
- used to introduce a verbal noun and to indicate that the action described by the verbal noun happens at the same time as another action, while, when
- На тръгване го погледна още веднъж.
- Na trǎgvane go pogledna ošte vednǎž.
- While she was leaving, she looked at him once more.
- На връщане минахме по по-кратък път.
- Na vrǎštane minahme po po-kratǎk pǎt.
- When we were coming back we took a shortcut.
- used with от to indicate the period over which something happens, to
- от време на време ― ot vreme na vreme ― from time to time
- от ден на ден ― ot den na den ― from day to day
- used to show the circumstances under which something happens, with, in
- спя на запалена лампа ― spja na zapalena lampa ― to sleep with the light on
- стоя на студено/топло ― stoja na studeno/toplo ― to stay in a cold/warm place
- used to show age, at
- Тя е на 12 години.
- Tja e na 12 godini.
- She is 12 years old.
- Той се ожени на 28.
- Toj se oženi na 28.
- He got married at 28.
- на 20-годишна възраст
- na 20-godišna vǎzrast
- at the age of 20
- used to indicate the distance away from something, at (or it is not translated)
- на една ръка разстояние ― na edna rǎka razstojanie ― at arm's length
- Той стоеше на няколко метра от мен.
- Toj stoeše na njakolko metra ot men.
- He was standing a few metres away from me.
- used to indicate the quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something, by
- продавам на метър/литър ― prodavam na metǎr/litǎr ― to sell by the metre/litre
- работя на парче ― rabotja na parče ― to work by the piece
- used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something, by
- Лесно е да обърнеш 2 на 2 матрица.
- Lesno e da obǎrneš 2 na 2 matrica.
- It is easy to invert a 2 by 2 matrix.
- Стаята беше около 4 на 6 фута.
- Stajata beše okolo 4 na 6 futa.
- The room was about 4 feet by 6 feet.
- Използвахме 10 на 20 на 30 сантиметрови тухли, за да построим станата.
- Izpolzvahme 10 na 20 na 30 santimetrovi tuhli, za da postroim stanata.
- We used 10 by 20 by 30 cm bricks to build the wall.
- used to indicate the rate at which something happens, per, by, a
- два пъти на ден/месец/година ― dva pǎti na den/mesec/godina ― twice a day/mouth/year
- на глава ― na glava ― per capita/head
- Плащат им на час.
- Plaštat im na čas.
- They are paid by the hour.
- по пет лева на човек
- po pet leva na čovek
- for five levs each/apiece/per head
- used to indicate the parts into which something is divided, in, into, by
- разделям на две ― razdeljam na dve ― to divide in two
- режа на парчета ― reža na parčeta ― to cut into pieces
- 6 делено на 2 прави 3.
- 6 deleno na 2 pravi 3.
- 6 divided by 2 equals 3.
- used to show how or in what way something is done, by, in
- Учениците пристигнаха на малки групи.
- Učenicite pristignaha na malki grupi.
- The students arrived in small groups.
- на голо ― na golo ― on one's bare skin/next to the skin
- на дело ― na delo ― in practice
- на теория ― na teorija ― in theory
- на ръка ― na rǎka ― by hand
- на дребно ― na drebno ― retail
- на едро ― na edro ― wholesale
- на кръст ― na krǎst ― crosswise
- на шега ― na šega ― for fun
- used to indicate a change in state, to, into
- ставам на прах ― stavam na prah ― to turn into dust
- счупвам се на парчета ― sčupvam se na parčeta ― to break into pieces
- преструвам се на някого ― prestruvam se na njakogo ― to impersonate someone
- правя се на болен ― pravja se na bolen ― to feign illness
- used to indicate an instrument
- работя на машина ― rabotja na mašina ― to run/operate a machine
- свиря на пиано ― svirja na piano ― to play (on) the piano
- гледам на карти ― gledam na karti ― to tell a fortune using cards
- гледам на кафе ― gledam na kafe ― to tell a fortune using coffee
- броя на пръсти ― broja na prǎsti ― to count on one's fingers
- used to indicate a game
- играя на шах ― igraja na šah ― to play (at) chess
- near, close to
- Суматранските тигри са на изчезване.
- Sumatranskite tigri sa na izčezvane.
- Sumatran tigers are near extinction.
- Припасите ни са на свършване.
- Pripasite ni sa na svǎršvane.
- Our supplies are running low.
- used to indicate a language, a way of speaking, etc., in
- Кажи го на английски.
- Kaži go na anglijski.
- Say it in English.
- Той говореше на висок глас.
- Toj govoreše na visok glas.
- He spoke in a loud voice.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na]
Particle
на • (na)
- (informal) used when giving something to someone, here you are, take it
- На ти парите!
- Na ti parite!
- Take the money!
- На ти!
- Na ti!
- Take that!
- (informal) used to express unexpectedness
- Говорим за Мария и на — тя насреща.
- Govorim za Marija i na — tja nasrešta.
- Speaking of Maria — here she is.
Anagrams
- на- (na-)
Komi-Zyrian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈna/, [ˈnä]
- Hyphenation: на
Etymology 1
From Proto-Permic *na. Cognate with Udmurt на (na).
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Usage notes
- Used either when preceding a postposition or when modifying a noun.
Declension
| Declension of на | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| long nominative | сійӧ (sijö) | найӧ (najö) |
| short nominative | сы (sy) | на (na) |
| accusative | сійӧс (sijös) | найӧс (najös) |
| instrumental | сыӧн (syön) | наӧн (naön) |
| comitative | сыкӧд (syköd) | накӧд (naköd) |
| caritive | сытӧг (sytög) | натӧг (natög) |
| consecutive | сыла (syla) | нала (nala) |
| genitive | сылӧн (sylön) | налӧн (nalön) |
| ablative | сылысь (sylyś) | налысь (nalyś) |
| dative | сылы (syly) | налы (naly) |
| inessive | сыын (syyn) | наын (nayn) |
| elative | сыысь (syyś) | наысь (nayś) |
| illative | сыӧ (syö) | наӧ (naö) |
| egressive | сысянь (syśań) | насянь (naśań) |
| approximative | сылань (sylań) | налань (nalań) |
| terminative | сыӧдз (syödź) | наӧдз (naödź) |
| prolative | сыӧд (syöd) | наӧд (naöd) |
| сыті (syti) | наті (nati) | |
See also
| Komi-Zyrian personal pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
| long | short | |||
| singular | ме (me) | тэ (te) | сійӧ (sijö) | сы (sy) |
| plural | ми (mi) | ті (ti) | найӧ (najö) | на (na) |
| formal | — | Ті (Ti) | — | — |
References
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 102
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, pages 414-415
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na]
Audio (file)
Preposition
на • (na)
- on (surface)
- Парите се на масата. ― Parite se na masata. ― The money is on the table.
- on, at (attending something)
- На концерт сум. ― Na koncert sum. ― I'm at a concert.
- of
- Скопје е главен град на Македонија. ― Skopje e glaven grad na Makedonija. ― Skopje is the capital of Macedonia.
- Изгоре куќата на сестра ми. ― Izgore kuḱata na sestra mi. ― My sister's house burnt down.
- to (indirect object)
- Дај му го писмово на син ти. ― Daj mu go pismovo na sin ti. ― Give this letter to your son.
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Cognates Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, up”).
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nə]
- IPA(key): [nɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
- IPA(key): [ˈna] (when stressed)
Audio (stressed) (file)
Preposition
на • (na)
- (+accusative)
- onto, on
- на стол ― na stol ― onto the table
- Поста́вь/Положи́ таре́лку на стол. ― Postávʹ/Položí tarélku na stol. ― Put the plate onto the table.
- Я сел на стул. ― Ja sel na stul. ― I sat on a chair.
- Я сел на́ пол ― Ja sel ná pol ― I sat on the floor.
- Я наступи́л на что-то. ― Ja nastupíl na što-to. ― I stepped on something.
- Я наступи́л на ми́ну. ― Ja nastupíl na mínu. ― I stepped on a mine.
- Я на тебя случа́йно наступи́л, извини́. ― Ja na tebja slučájno nastupíl, izviní. ― I stepped on you accidentally, sorry.
- Я наступи́л на жва́чку. ― Ja nastupíl na žváčku. ― I stepped in chewing-gum.
- Твоё пальто́ виси́т на крючке́ на стене́. ― Tvojó palʹtó visít na krjučké na stené. ― Your coat is hung on the hook on the wall.
- Не хочу́, что́бы на меня́ пове́сили уби́йство. ― Ne xočú, štóby na menjá povésili ubíjstvo. ― I don't want the murder to be pinned on me.
- (places, only certain nouns) nearby, by (in the sense of near). Interchangeable with у (which requires genitive case).
- to, toward
- на по́чту ― na póčtu ― to the post office
- Всё, я ухожу на работу. ― Vsjo, ja uxožu na rabotu. ― That's it, I'm leaving to work.
- Он дви́нулся на се́вер, зате́м обра́тно. ― On dvínulsja na séver, zatém obrátno. ― He moved north then back.
- А е́сли Герма́ния дви́нется на нас? ― A jésli Germánija dvínetsja na nas? ― What if Germany moves towards us?
- У тебя́ две мину́ты на сбо́ры. ― U tebjá dve minúty na sbóry. ― You have two minutes to pack [your belongings].
- На́ша благотвори́тельная компа́ния напра́влена на улучше́ние ми́ра. ― Náša blagotvorítelʹnaja kompánija naprávlena na ulučšénije míra. ― Our charitable organisation is aimed at improving the world.
- to set out for (in the sense "to start an activity with the intention of finishing it"), to go for
- (duration, value, purpose) for
- На что? ― Na što? ― What for?
- Э́то тебе́ на уда́чу! ― Éto tebé na udáču! ― This is for you for good luck!
- Я на тебя́ 500 рубле́й поста́вил, не подведи́ меня́. ― Ja na tebjá 500 rubléj postávil, ne podvedí menjá. ― I've bet 500 roubles on you, don't let me down.
- Пода́йте на пропита́ние! ― Podájte na propitánije! ― Give [us] [something; money, food, etc.] to eat!
- На кого́ рабо́таешь? На Алексе́я? ― Na kovó rabótaješʹ? Na Alekséja? ― Whom do you work for? For Alexey?
- about, for
- Он объяви́л програ́мму на сле́дующий день. ― On obʺjavíl prográmmu na slédujuščij denʹ. ― He announced a program for the next day.
- (mathematics) over, by, divided by
- (time) in, for
- На сего́дня всё! ― Na sevódnja vsjo! ― That's all for today!
- На за́втра тебе тако́е зада́ние. ― Na závtra tebe takóje zadánije. ― Here is a task [to be completed] for tomorrow.
- Хо́чешь оста́ться тут на сего́дня? ― Xóčešʹ ostátʹsja tut na sevódnja? ― Would you like to stay here for the day (i.e. until tomorrow)?
- Придёшь на сле́дующую неделю? ― Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščuju nedelju? ― Will you come for next week (i.e. stay the whole week)?
- onto, on
- (+prepositional)
- on, upon
- (only with certain nouns) in, at
- на по́чте ― na póčte ― at the post office
- Извини́те, он сейча́с на рабо́те. ― Izviníte, on sejčás na rabóte. ― Sorry, he's at work now.
- на заво́де ― na zavóde ― at the factory
- на балко́не ― na balkóne ― in the (inside) balcony (of a theatre)
- Стра́на стои́т на краю́ бе́здны. ― Strána stoít na krajú bézdny. ― The country is at the brink of an abyss.
- на Украи́не ― na Ukraíne ― in Ukraine
- by (using a means of transport to get somewhere (while в is just 'to be in something'))
- runs/operates only because of someone/something; works on, runs on
- Их компа́ния стои́т на строи́телях, а они́ — жа́дины — сидя́т на кре́слах свои́х и при э́том получа́ют в де́сять раз бо́льше, чем трюдя́ги.
- Ix kompánija stoít na stroíteljax, a oní — žádiny — sidját na kréslax svoíx i pri étom polučájut v désjatʹ raz bólʹše, čem trjudjági.
- Their company exists because of construction workers, but they — the greedy guys — sit on their armchairs and yet earn ten times more than the sloggers.
- Да́нный компью́тер рабо́тает не на электри́честве, а на ко́ка-ко́ле.
- Dánnyj kompʹjúter rabótajet ne na elektríčestve, a na kóka-kóle.
- This computer runs not on electricity but on Coca-Cola.
- assigned to (a certain responsibility)
- На мне (стои́т) ку́хня, а на ней (стоя́т) де́ти, одна́ко и ку́хнею она́ поро́ю да́же занима́ется заме́сто меня́, хотя́ её того́ и не прошу́.
- Na mne (stoít) kúxnja, a na nej (stoját) déti, odnáko i kúxneju oná poróju dáže zanimájetsja zamésto menjá, xotjá jejó tovó i ne prošú.
- I do the kitchen, while she does the children, however she sometimes also does the kitchen instead of me, although I don't ask her to.
- with, for
- (time) in, for
- Придёшь на сле́дующей неделе? ― Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščej nedele? ― Will you come for next week?
- (neologism) being dominated by a certain emotional state
- Я вся́ на не́рвах, расска́зывай, что́ у тебя́ там случи́лось.
- Ja vsjá na nérvax, rasskázyvaj, štó u tebjá tam slučílosʹ.
- I'm so freaking nervous, tell me what happened to you.
- Он и так на не́рвах по́сле вчера́шнего, не пристава́й к нему́.
- On i tak na nérvax pósle včerášnevo, ne pristaváj k nemú.
- He is already on edge after what happened yesterday, don't bug him.
- (neologism) accomplishing something while being dominated by a certain emotional state and primarily because of it
- Неожи́данно проигра́в три ра́за подря́д, его охватила дизмора́ль (у него́ появи́лась дизмора́ль), и на ней проигра́л и все други́е 8 раз.
- Neožídanno proigráv tri ráza podrjád, jevo oxvatila dizmorálʹ (u nevó pojavílasʹ dizmorálʹ), i na nej proigrál i vse drugíje 8 raz.
- After he had suddenly lost 3 times in a row, he got dismoral, and while being affected by it he lost all the remaining 8 times.
- По́сле тако́й до́лгой разлу́ки, мы не удержа́лись, и на ра́достях, да́же как сле́дует не приоде́вшись, сра́зу же пошли́ в ЗАГС жени́ться.
- Pósle takój dólgoj razlúki, my ne uderžálisʹ, i na rádostjax, dáže kak slédujet ne priodévšisʹ, srázu že pošlí v ZAGS ženítʹsja.
- After such a long separation, thanks to us being so happy we couldn't hold it any longer and went straight to the marriage registrar's office in order to marry, without us even having dressed up appropriately.
- Понима́ете ли, сын мой ваш но́вый телеви́зор вы́кинул в окно́ (из окна́) не специа́льно… про́сто он был на эмо́циях по́сле того́, как заста́л её, а те́лик — он про́сто пе́рвое, что ему́ подверну́лось.
- Ponimájete li, syn moj vaš nóvyj televízor výkinul v oknó (iz okná) ne speciálʹno… prósto on byl na emócijax pósle tovó, kak zastál jejó, a télik — on prósto pérvoje, što jemú podvernúlosʹ.
- You see, my son threw your new TV set out of the window unintentionally… it's just that he had such an outburst of emotions after having caught her, that he had had to do something, and the first thing that crossed his mind was your new TV set.
Related terms
- на- (na-)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈna]
Audio (file)
Interjection
на • (na)
- here you go! (encouraging someone to accept something, used when giving or providing something, i.e., "take it!", "here you goǃ")
Derived terms
- на́те (náte)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /na/
audio (file)
Preposition
на (Latin spelling na)
- to, on, onto (with change of position, answering the question kùda) [+accusative]
- ићи на концерт ― to go to a concert
- ставити књигу на сто(л) ― to put a book on the table
- on, at, in (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ) [+locative]
- књига је на столу ― the book is on the table
- бити на концерту ― to be at the concert
- бити на улици ― to be in the street
- by, for, at (in expressions with time) [+accusative]
- отићи некуда на пар дана ― to go somewhere for a couple of days
- на љето/лето ― next summer, the following summer
- на вр(иј)еме ― on time
- бити плаћен на сат ― to be paid by the hour
- to indicate a source of power or energy [+accusative]
- подморница на атомски погон ― nuclear-powered submarine
Tajik
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not; no”).
Adverb
| Dari | نه |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | на |
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на • (na)
See also
- не (ne)
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na]
Audio (file)
Interjection
на • (na)
- here you go! take it! (encouraging someone to accept something, used when giving or providing something)
Derived terms
- на́те (náte)
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “на”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “на”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “на”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “на”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
Yagnobi
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
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