rasti

See also: rastii, rastî, Rastî, and rästi

Finnish

Etymology 1

Possibly extracted from ristiin rastiin.[1] See risti for more.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti]
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Syllabification(key): ras‧ti

Noun

rasti

  1. X, cross (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
    Synonyms: kruksi, ruksi, vinoristi, äksä
  2. (orienteering) checkpoint
  3. bugloss (plant of the genus, Anchusa)
  4. (aviation) fix
Usage notes

rasti typically refers to a tilted cross (X). For the horizontal symbol (+), see risti.

Declension
Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative rasti rastit
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
illative rastiin rasteihin
singular plural
nominative rasti rastit
accusative nom. rasti rastit
gen. rastin
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
inessive rastissa rasteissa
elative rastista rasteista
illative rastiin rasteihin
adessive rastilla rasteilla
ablative rastilta rasteilta
allative rastille rasteille
essive rastina rasteina
translative rastiksi rasteiksi
abessive rastitta rasteitta
instructive — rastein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastini rastini
accusative nom. rastini rastini
gen. rastini
genitive rastini rastieni
partitive rastiani rastejani
inessive rastissani rasteissani
elative rastistani rasteistani
illative rastiini rasteihini
adessive rastillani rasteillani
ablative rastiltani rasteiltani
allative rastilleni rasteilleni
essive rastinani rasteinani
translative rastikseni rasteikseni
abessive rastittani rasteittani
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastisi rastisi
accusative nom. rastisi rastisi
gen. rastisi
genitive rastisi rastiesi
partitive rastiasi rastejasi
inessive rastissasi rasteissasi
elative rastistasi rasteistasi
illative rastiisi rasteihisi
adessive rastillasi rasteillasi
ablative rastiltasi rasteiltasi
allative rastillesi rasteillesi
essive rastinasi rasteinasi
translative rastiksesi rasteiksesi
abessive rastittasi rasteittasi
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastimme rastimme
accusative nom. rastimme rastimme
gen. rastimme
genitive rastimme rastiemme
partitive rastiamme rastejamme
inessive rastissamme rasteissamme
elative rastistamme rasteistamme
illative rastiimme rasteihimme
adessive rastillamme rasteillamme
ablative rastiltamme rasteiltamme
allative rastillemme rasteillemme
essive rastinamme rasteinamme
translative rastiksemme rasteiksemme
abessive rastittamme rasteittamme
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinne rastinne
accusative nom. rastinne rastinne
gen. rastinne
genitive rastinne rastienne
partitive rastianne rastejanne
inessive rastissanne rasteissanne
elative rastistanne rasteistanne
illative rastiinne rasteihinne
adessive rastillanne rasteillanne
ablative rastiltanne rasteiltanne
allative rastillenne rasteillenne
essive rastinanne rasteinanne
translative rastiksenne rasteiksenne
abessive rastittanne rasteittanne
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinsa rastinsa
accusative nom. rastinsa rastinsa
gen. rastinsa
genitive rastinsa rastiensa
partitive rastiaan
rastiansa		 rastejaan
rastejansa
inessive rastissaan
rastissansa		 rasteissaan
rasteissansa
elative rastistaan
rastistansa		 rasteistaan
rasteistansa
illative rastiinsa rasteihinsa
adessive rastillaan
rastillansa		 rasteillaan
rasteillansa
ablative rastiltaan
rastiltansa		 rasteiltaan
rasteiltansa
allative rastilleen
rastillensa		 rasteilleen
rasteillensa
essive rastinaan
rastinansa		 rasteinaan
rasteinansa
translative rastikseen
rastiksensa		 rasteikseen
rasteiksensa
abessive rastittaan
rastittansa		 rasteittaan
rasteittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineen
rasteinensa
Derived terms
compounds

Further reading

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti] (indicative)
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑstiˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti(ʔ)] (imperative, connegative)
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Syllabification(key): ras‧ti

Verb

rasti

  1. inflection of rastia:
    1. third-person singular past indicative
    2. present active indicative connegative
    3. second-person singular present imperative
    4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

References
  1. Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams

Latvian

Participle

rasti

  1. nominative plural masculine of rasts

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”). Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).

There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).[1]

Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɐsʲ.tʲɪ/

Verb

ràsti (third-person present tense rañda, third-person past tense rãdo)

  1. (transitive, with accusative) find, discover
    Àš vakar̃ neradaũ kẽlio pàs jùs. - I couldn't find the way to your place yesterday.
  2. (about feelings, etc.) acquire, get
    Màno miñtys nerañda ãtilsio. - My thoughts find no rest.

Conjugation
Conjugation of rasti
singular
(vienaskaita)		 plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)		 1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka)		 present
(esamasis laikas)		 randù randì rañda rañdame,
rañdam		 rañdate,
rañdat		 rañda
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas)		 radaũ radaĩ rãdo rãdome,
rãdom		 rãdote,
rãdot		 rãdo
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas)		 ràsdavau ràsdavai ràsdavo ràsdavome,
ràsdavom		 ràsdavote,
ràsdavot		 ràsdavo
future
(būsimasis laikas)		 ràsiu ràsi ràs ràsime,
ràsim		 ràsite,
ràsit		 ràs
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka)		 ràsčiau ràstum,
ràstumei		 ràstų ràstumėme,
ràstumėm,
ràstume		 ràstumėte,
ràstumėt		 ràstų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka)		 — ràsk,
ràski		 terañda,
terañdie		 ràskime,
ràskim		 ràskite,
ràskit		 terañda,
terañdie
Participles of rasti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present rañdąs, rañdantis rañdamas
past rãdęs ràstas
past frequentative ràsdavęs —
future ràsiąs, ràsiantis ràsimas
participle of necessity — ràstinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) ràsdamas
half-participle
(padalyviai)		 present rañdant
past rãdus
past frequentative ràsdavus
future ràsiant
manner of action (būdinys) ràste, ràstinai

Derived terms
terms derived from rasti
  • radimas
  • rastis, radimasis
  • rastinis
  • radybė
  • radėjas m, radėja f
  • radvila c
  • rastinukas m, rastinukė f
  • rasit, rasi
prefixed forms of rasti

References
  1. Zhanna Varbot (1980) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. VIII (*vъrdati, *sęčati, *plęgti, *kužati и *kuža, *mъrx-/*mьrx- и *myrěti, *plixati) [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1978, Moscow, page 19: “*vъrdati”.
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 437

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /râːsti/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sti

Verb

rȃsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра̑сти)

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase
  3. (intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate

Conjugation
Conjugation of rasti
Infinitive: rasti Present verbal adverb: rástūći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: —
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present rastem rasteš raste rastemo rastete rastu
Future Future I rast ću1
rašću		 rast ćeš1
rašćeš		 rast će1
rašće		 rast ćemo1
rašćemo		 rast ćete1
rašćete		 rast će1
rašće
Future II bȕdēm rastao2 bȕdēš rastao2 bȕdē rastao2 bȕdēmo rasli2 bȕdēte rasli2 bȕdū rasli2
Past Perfect rastao sam2 rastao si2 rastao je2 rasli smo2 rasli ste2 rasli su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam rastao2 bȉo si rastao2 bȉo je rastao2 bíli smo rasli2 bíli ste rasli2 bíli su rasli2
Imperfect rastijah rastijaše rastijaše rastijasmo rastijaste rastijahu
Conditional I rastao bih2 rastao bi2 rastao bi2 rasli bismo2 rasli biste2 rasli bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih rastao2 bȉo bi rastao2 bȉo bi rastao2 bíli bismo rasli2 bíli biste rasli2 bíli bi rasli2
Imperative — rasti — rastimo rastite —
Active past participle rastao m / rasla f / raslo n rasli m / rasle f / rasla n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms
  • nàrāsti pf
  • prìrāsti pf
  • pòrāsti pf (“to grow (up); to increase”)
  • srȃsti pf
  • zàrāsti pf
  • ìzrāsti pf (“to grow up completely, fully develop”)
  • òdrāsti pf (“to grow up”)
  • ùrāsti pf

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ràːsti/
  • Hyphenation: rás‧ti

Verb

rásti impf

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase

Inflection
Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive rásti
1st singular rástem, rásem
infinitive rásti rȁst
supine rȃst
verbal noun —
participle converb
present rastọ̄č, rasọ̄č —
past rȃščen —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular rȃstəł, rȃsəł rástla, rásla rástlo, ráslo
dual rástla, rásla rástli, rásli rástli, rásli
plural rástli, rásli rástle, rásle rástla, rásla
present imperative
1st singular rástem, rásem —
2nd singular rásteš, ráseš rásti, rási
3rd singular ráste, ráse —
1st dual rásteva, ráseva rástiva, rásiva
2nd dual rásteta, ráseta rástita, rásita
3rd dual rásteta, ráseta —
1st plural rástemo, rásemo rástimo, rásimo
2nd plural rástete, rásete rástite, rásite
3rd plural rástejo, rásejo, rastọ́, rasọ́ —

Derived terms

Further reading
  • “rasti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.