< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreh₁dʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possible reanalyzed root of *h₂reh₁- (“to think; to count”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti.[1]

Root

*Hreh₁dʰ-[2]

  1. to think
  2. to arrange
  3. to succeed, accomplish[3]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreh₁dʰ-‎ (35 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *rēdaną (“to decide”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rāδaiti, “to correct”)
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-t ~ *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-ént (athematic root aorist)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHraHdʰat
      • Proto-Iranian: *HáHráHdat
        • Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (rādat̰, “to succeed, accomplish”, 3sg.aor.act.subj.)
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HráHdʰyati
        • Sanskrit: राध्यति (rā́dhyati, “to succeed”)
  • *h₂roh₁dʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rā́ˀdīˀtei
      • Eastern Baltic:
        • Latgalian: rõdeit(i) (“to show, demonstrate”)
        • Latgalian: rõdeitõjs (“significative”)
        • Latvian: rādīt(i) (“to show, demonstrate”)
        • Lithuanian: rodyti (“to show, demonstrate”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *raditi (“care about, heed”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *rādīti (“to talk”)[6]
      • Old Irish: ráidid, radid
      • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ambi-rādīti (“to think”)[7]
        • Proto-Brythonic:
          • Old Welsh: amraud
            • Welsh: amrawdd
        • Old Irish: imm-rádi
    • Proto-Germanic: *rōdijaną (“to speak”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HraHdʰáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HraHdʰáyati
        • Sanskrit: राधयति (rādháyati, “to commit”)
  • *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-néw-ti ~ *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-nw-énti (nu-present)[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HraHdʰnáwti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HraHdʰnáwti
        • Sanskrit: राध्नोति (rādhnóti, “to succeed”)
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-o-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *rēdaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰas
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-eh₂
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰaH
      • Proto-Iranian: *HráHdaH
        • Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (rāda, “trustee”)
  • *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-éh₂[8]
    • Proto-Germanic: *radō (“row”)[8] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HdʰáH
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HdáH
        • Ossetian: рад (rad, “order, row”)
  • *h₂réh₁dʰ-tweh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *rēswō (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

    • Proto-Albanian: *raðā
    • Latgalian: rẽdeit(i) (“put in order, educate”)
    • Latgalian: rẽdynis (“sunday best suit”)
    • Latgalian: rẽdeiba (“order, orderliness”)
    • Latgalian: rādovoit(i) (“put in order, educate”)
    • Latgalian: parāds (“order”)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōdjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
  2. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  3. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*(H)raHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rēdan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408
  5. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*raditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 432
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ambi-rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 33
  8. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*radō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 401: “*Hrh̥₁dʰ-eh₂”
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