kia
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kia"
Abenaki
References
- Joseph Laurent (1884) New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues, Quebec: Leger Brousseau, page 58
- John Dyneley Prince (1902) “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist, volume 4, page 28 of 17–32
Esperanto
Etymology
From ki- (interrogative and relative correlative prefix) + -a (correlative suffix of kind).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkia]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -ia
- Hyphenation: ki‧a
Determiner
kia (accusative singular kian, plural kiaj, accusative plural kiajn)
- what kind of, which kind of (the interrogative and relative correlative of kind)
- Mi ne scias kian koloron almeti por la ĉielo.
- I do not know what kind of color to put on for the sky.
Usage notes
Like other interrogative and relative correlatives, kia can be combined with ajn, the adverbial particle of generality. Kia ajn thus means whatever kind of.
Derived terms
- kia ajn (“whatever kind of”)
See also
Esperanto correlatives
Interrogative | Demonstrative | Indefinite | Universal | Negative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Kind of, sort of | -a | kia | tia | ia | ĉia | nenia |
Reason | -al | kial | tial | ial | ĉial | nenial |
Time | -am | kiam | tiam | iam | ĉiam | neniam |
Place | -e | kie | tie | ie | ĉie | nenie |
Motion | -en | kien | tien | ien | ĉien | nenien |
Manner | -el | kiel | tiel | iel | ĉiel | neniel |
Possessive | -es | kies | ties | ies | ĉies | nenies |
Demonstrative pronoun | -o | kio | tio | io | ĉio | nenio |
Amount | -om | kiom | tiom | iom | ĉiom | neniom |
Demonstrative determiner | -u | kiu | tiu | iu | ĉiu | neniu |
Hawaiian
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *tia (compare with Maori tia), from Proto-Oceanic *tiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tihaŋ (compare with Malay tiang).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkia/, [ˈtiə]
References
- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kia”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Indonesian
Etymology
From Classical Persian بخیه (baxiya, “stitch, suture”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkia̯]
- Hyphenation: kia
Further reading
- “kia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Maori
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈki.a/, [ˈki.ɐ]
Particle
kia
- when; until (used for a future time)
- to; that (indicates a purpose, wish or effect) (used if second verb is passive or stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different to the main clause)
- I tonoa rātou kia waiata.
- They were asked to sing.
- (let) be, may (there be) (indicates desirability)
- Kia tūpato
- Be careful
- specifies an amount
- Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu?
- How many tickets do you need?
- not yet
- so that
- so that ... will not
- shouldn't
References
- "kia" - Maori Dictionary
Penobscot
References
- J. Dyneley Prince (1902) “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist (in Penobscot), volume 4
Vietnamese
FWOTD – 24 July 2022
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kiə˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kiə˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kiə˧˧]
Adjective
kia • (箕)
- that, over there
- other, opposite
- 2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 14:
- Khi ngồi nhìn lên chúng ta nghĩ đó là phía trên, nhìn xuống ta nghĩ đó là phía dưới. Nhưng cùng một lúc đó, đồng loại ta ở phía bên kia địa cầu nhìn sẽ thấy ngược lại.
- When we are seated and look up, we imagine that is above; looking down we imagine that is below. But at the same time, people at the other side of the world will see it the other way around.
- (with time expressions) two removed from the present
- ngày kia ― the day after tomorrow
- hôm kia ― the day before yesterday
- năm kia ― two years ago
Usage notes
- Kia meaning "that" denotes a place, person or thing far from both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to. Usually both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to can see that place, person or thing and the speaker may be pointing to it.
See also
Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced | Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) | D1 (Proximal) | D2 (Medial) | D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Derived terms
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