botar
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Old French boter, from Old French bouter (“to strike, push”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bōtan (“to push, strike, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat”).
Pronunciation
Verb
botar (first-person singular present boto, first-person singular preterite botí, past participle botat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /o/
Conjugation
infinitive | botar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | botant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | botat | botada | |||||
plural | botats | botades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | boto | botes | bota | botem | boteu | boten | |
imperfect | botava | botaves | botava | botàvem | botàveu | botaven | |
future | botaré | botaràs | botarà | botarem | botareu | botaran | |
preterite | botí | botares | botà | botàrem | botàreu | botaren | |
conditional | botaria | botaries | botaria | botaríem | botaríeu | botarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | boti | botis | boti | botem | boteu | botin | |
imperfect | botés | botessis | botés | botéssim | botéssiu | botessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | bota | boti | botem | boteu | botin | |
negative (no) | — | no botis | no boti | no botem | no boteu | no botin |
Further reading
- “botar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /boˈtaɾ/, [bɔˈt̪aɾ̪]
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese botar, from Old French bouter (“to strike, push”), from Frankish *bautan (“to push, strike, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, strike, hew”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /boˈtar/
- Hyphenation: bo‧tar
Verb
botar (first-person singular present boto, first-person singular preterite botei, past participle botado)
- to throw
- Synonym: lanzar
- to expel
- 1444, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Livro do Concello de Pontevedra (1431-1463). Pontevedra: Museo de Pontevedra, page 170:
- Este dia ẽno dito Conçello, o dito Sueiro Gomes requereu aos ditos juis, alcaldes jurados que por quanto se cometera hũu reto ontre Sueiro de Remiron e Rui de Portas, e eles non eran vesiños nen moradores ẽna dita villa, e por rason que eles nen cada ũu deles non bolvesen roido nen fesesen ajuntamento de omes ẽna dita vila para que aos vesiños e moradores da dita vila non viese dapno algũu nen asimesmo a noso señor deserviçio algũu, que el botara fora da dita vila ao dito Sueiro de Remiron, e por ende que lles requeria que logo fesesen asimesmo botar fora da dita vila ao dito Rui de Portas para que fesesen seus retos fora da dita vila.
- 1444, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Livro do Concello de Pontevedra (1431-1463). Pontevedra: Museo de Pontevedra, page 170:
- to put out
- 1671, Gabriel Feixoo de Arauxo, Entremés famoso sobre da pesca do río Miño, page 15:
- Boteille catorce dentes fóra coa cachiporra [...] O lombo lle vai triscando
- I put out of him fourteen teeth with the club [...] his back is cracking as he walks away
- Synonym: sacar
- to add
- to serve
- to sow
- 1473, Romaní Martínez, Miguel / Rodríguez Suárez, Mª del Pilar (2003): Libro tumbo de pergamino. Un códice medieval del monasterio de Oseira. Santiago de Compostela: Tórculo, page 67:
- Item aforam a Alvaro d ' Outeyro, a seu padre et a tres vozes o lugar d'Outeyro, a de botar tres fanegas de semente et dar todo de quarto et oyto maravedis de dereytura et hum par de gallinas cada anno, et se non britar et lavrar que perca o foro.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1473, Romaní Martínez, Miguel / Rodríguez Suárez, Mª del Pilar (2003): Libro tumbo de pergamino. Un códice medieval del monasterio de Oseira. Santiago de Compostela: Tórculo, page 67:
- to launch (a ship)
- to bounce
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | botar | |||||
Personal | botar | botares | botar | botarmos | botardes | botaren |
Gerund | ||||||
botando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | botado | botados | ||||
Feminine | botada | botadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | boto | botas | bota | botamos | botades | botan |
Imperfect | botaba | botabas | botaba | botabamos | botabades | botaban |
Preterite | botei | botaches | botou | botamos | botastes | botaron |
Pluperfect | botara | botaras | botara | botaramos | botarades | botaran |
Future | botarei | botarás | botará | botaremos | botaredes | botarán |
Conditional | botaría | botarías | botaría | botariamos | botariades | botarían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | bote | botes | bote | botemos | botedes | boten |
Imperfect | botase | botases | botase | botásemos | botásedes | botasen |
Future | botar | botares | botar | botarmos | botardes | botaren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | bota | bote | botemos | botade | boten | |
Negative (non) | non botes | non bote | non botemos | non botedes | non boten |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
- a cona que te botou
- botar por fóra (“to overflow”)
- desbotar (“to discard”)
References
- “botar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “botar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “botar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “botar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “botar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “botar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “botar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | botar | aver botat | |||||
gerund | botant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | botat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | boti | botas | bota | botam | botatz | botan | |
imperfect | botavi | botavas | botava | botàvem | botàvetz | botavan | |
preterite | botèri | botères | botèt | botèrem | botèretz | botèron | |
future | botarai | botaràs | botarà | botarem | botaretz | botaràn | |
conditional | botariái | botariás | botariá | botariam | botariatz | botarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | botèra | botèras | botèra | boteram | boteratz | botèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | bote | botes | bote | botem | botetz | boten | |
imperfect | botèssi | botèsses | botèsse | botèssem | botèssetz | botèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
bota | botem | botatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | botar | aver botat | |||||
gerund | botant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | botat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | bote | botes | bota | botam | botatz | boton | |
imperfect | botave | botaves | botava | botaviam | botaviatz | botavon | |
preterite | botere | boteres | botet | botem | botetz | boteron | |
future | botarai | botaràs | botará | botarem | botaretz | botarán | |
conditional | botariá | botariás | botariá | botariam | botariatz | botarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | botèra | botèras | botèra | boteram | boteratz | botèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | bote | botes | bote | botassiam | botassiatz | boton | |
imperfect | botesse | botesses | botesse | botessiam | botessiatz | botesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
bota | botassiam | botatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | botar | aver botat | |||||
gerund | botant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | botat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | boti | botas | bota | botam | botatz | botan | |
imperfect | botavi | botavas | botava | botàvam | botàvatz | botavan | |
preterite | botèi | botès | botè | botèm | botètz | botèn | |
future | botarèi | botaràs | botarà | botaram | botaratz | botaràn | |
conditional | botarí | botarés | botaré | botarem | botaretz | botarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | botèra | botèras | botèra | boteram | boteratz | botèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | boti | botes | bote | botem | botetz | boten | |
imperfect | botèssi | botèsses | botèsse | botèssem | botèssetz | botèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
bota | botem | botatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | botar | aver botat | |||||
gerund | botant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | botat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | bote | botas | bota | botam | botatz | botan | |
imperfect | botava | botavas | botava | botàvam | botàvatz | botavan | |
preterite | botei | boteras | botet | botèram | botèratz | boteran | |
future | botarai | botaràs | botará | botarem | botaretz | botarán | |
conditional | botariá | botariàs | botariá | botariam | botariatz | botarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | botèra | botèras | botèra | boteram | boteratz | botèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | bote | botes | bote | botem | botetz | boten | |
imperfect | botèsse | botèsses | botèsse | botèssem | botèssetz | botèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
bota | botem | botatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | botar | aver botat | |||||
gerund | botant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | botat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | bote | botes | bota | botam | botatz | botan | |
imperfect | botavi | botavas | botava | botàvem | botàvetz | botavan | |
preterite | botère | botères | botèt | boteriam | boteriatz | botèron | |
future | botarai | botaràs | botarà | botarem | botaretz | botaràn | |
conditional | botariáu | botariás | botariá | botariam | botariatz | botarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | botèra | botèras | botèra | boteram | boteratz | botèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | bote | botes | bote | botem | botetz | botan | |
imperfect | botèsse | botèsses | botèsse | botessiam | botessiatz | botèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
bota | botem | botatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese botar, from Old French bouter (“to strike, push”), from Frankish *bautan (“to push, strike, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, strike, hew”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /boˈta(ʁ)/ [boˈta(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /boˈta(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /boˈta(ʁ)/ [boˈta(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /boˈta(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /buˈtaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /buˈta.ɾi/
- Homophone: votar (Northern Portugal)
- Hyphenation: bo‧tar
Verb
botar (first-person singular present boto, first-person singular preterite botei, past participle botado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | botar | |||||
Personal | botar | botares | botar | botarmos | botardes | botarem |
Gerund | ||||||
botando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | botado | botados | ||||
Feminine | botada | botadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | boto | botas | bota | botamos | botais | botam |
Imperfect | botava | botavas | botava | botávamos | botáveis | botavam |
Preterite | botei | botaste | botou | botamos1, botámos2 | botastes | botaram |
Pluperfect | botara | botaras | botara | botáramos | botáreis | botaram |
Future | botarei | botarás | botará | botaremos | botareis | botarão |
Conditional | botaria | botarias | botaria | botaríamos | botaríeis | botariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | bote | botes | bote | botemos | boteis | botem |
Imperfect | botasse | botasses | botasse | botássemos | botásseis | botassem |
Future | botar | botares | botar | botarmos | botardes | botarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | bota | bote | botemos | botai | botem | |
Negative (não) | não botes | não bote | não botemos | não boteis | não botem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Descendants
- Macanese: botâ
Romanian
Spanish
Etymology
Via Old French boter (“to strike”) (modern French bouter), from Frankish *buttan, from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, strike”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.
Compare French bouter, Portuguese botar and Italian buttare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /boˈtaɾ/ [boˈt̪aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: bo‧tar
- Homophone: votar
Verb
botar (first-person singular present boto, first-person singular preterite boté, past participle botado)
- to bounce
- (Latin America) to throw, throw away
- (Latin America) to fire, dismiss
- (transitive, of a horse or similar saddle or pack animal) to buck, throw (a rider or pack) by bucking
- Synonym: corcovear
Conjugation
infinitive | botar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | botando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | botado | botada | |||||
plural | botados | botadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | boto | botastú botásvos |
bota | botamos | botáis | botan | |
imperfect | botaba | botabas | botaba | botábamos | botabais | botaban | |
preterite | boté | botaste | botó | botamos | botasteis | botaron | |
future | botaré | botarás | botará | botaremos | botaréis | botarán | |
conditional | botaría | botarías | botaría | botaríamos | botaríais | botarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | bote | botestú botésvos2 |
bote | botemos | botéis | boten | |
imperfect (ra) |
botara | botaras | botara | botáramos | botarais | botaran | |
imperfect (se) |
botase | botases | botase | botásemos | botaseis | botasen | |
future1 | botare | botares | botare | botáremos | botareis | botaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | botatú botávos |
bote | botemos | botad | boten | ||
negative | no botes | no bote | no botemos | no botéis | no boten |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive botar | |||||||
dative | botarme | botarte | botarle, botarse | botarnos | botaros | botarles, botarse | |
accusative | botarme | botarte | botarlo, botarla, botarse | botarnos | botaros | botarlos, botarlas, botarse | |
with gerund botando | |||||||
dative | botándome | botándote | botándole, botándose | botándonos | botándoos | botándoles, botándose | |
accusative | botándome | botándote | botándolo, botándola, botándose | botándonos | botándoos | botándolos, botándolas, botándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative bota | |||||||
dative | bótame | bótate | bótale | bótanos | not used | bótales | |
accusative | bótame | bótate | bótalo, bótala | bótanos | not used | bótalos, bótalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative botá | |||||||
dative | botame | botate | botale | botanos | not used | botales | |
accusative | botame | botate | botalo, botala | botanos | not used | botalos, botalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative bote | |||||||
dative | bóteme | not used | bótele, bótese | bótenos | not used | bóteles | |
accusative | bóteme | not used | bótelo, bótela, bótese | bótenos | not used | bótelos, bótelas | |
with first-person plural imperative botemos | |||||||
dative | not used | botémoste | botémosle | botémonos | botémoos | botémosles | |
accusative | not used | botémoste | botémoslo, botémosla | botémonos | botémoos | botémoslos, botémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative botad | |||||||
dative | botadme | not used | botadle | botadnos | botaos | botadles | |
accusative | botadme | not used | botadlo, botadla | botadnos | botaos | botadlos, botadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative boten | |||||||
dative | bótenme | not used | bótenle | bótennos | not used | bótenles, bótense | |
accusative | bótenme | not used | bótenlo, bótenla | bótennos | not used | bótenlos, bótenlas, bótense |
Related terms
Further reading
- “botar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014