愁

愁	U+6101, 愁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6101

← 愀
[U+6100]

CJK Unified Ideographs

愂 →
[U+6102]

Translingual

Han character

愁 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹火心 (HFP), four-corner 2933₈, composition ⿱秋心)

Derived characters

𰂵

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 393, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10885

Dae Jaweon: page 729, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 8

Unihan data for U+6101

Chinese

trad.		愁
simp. ^#		愁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鍫	*sʰew
篍	sʰiw, sʰiws, *sʰɯw
愀	sʰiwʔ, zɯwʔ
湫	ʔsliwʔ, ʔsɯw, sʰɯw, zɯwʔ
揪	*ʔsɯw
揫	*ʔsɯw
啾	*ʔsɯw
鬏	*ʔsɯw
秋	*sʰɯw
鰍	*sʰɯw
楸	*sʰɯw
秌	*sʰɯw
鞦	*sʰɯw
鶖	*sʰɯw
萩	*sʰɯw
甃	*ʔsrɯws
醔	*sʰrɯw
愁	*zrɯw
僽	*zrɯws

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯw) : phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chóu (chou²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cou²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): seu³
Gan (Wiktionary): ceu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sèu

(Meixian, Guangdong): sêu²
Jin (Wiktionary): cou¹
Northern Min (KCR): chě
Eastern Min (BUC): chèu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiû / chhô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): cou⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ceu⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zeu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chóu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻou²
  - Yale: chóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chour
  - Palladius: чоу (čou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cou²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sau⁴
  - Yale: sàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: seo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: seu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ceu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: seuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu²
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sêu²
  - Sinological IPA: /seu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chèu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiû
  - Tâi-lô: tshiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiuu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiu²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/

Note:

chhiû - vernacular;
chhô͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cou⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshôu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou⁵⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ceu⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛu²²/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zeu
  - MiniDict: zeu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zeu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: cou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəu̯¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 愁
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰou²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɯ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/səu¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zau³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡səu¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/seu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/seu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/sɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ /t͡sʰiu³⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰe²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰou⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sɔu³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzrjuw

Rime
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	士尤切
Baxter	dzrjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuw/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiu/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]riw/

(Zhengzhang): /*zrɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chóu
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]riw/
English	grieved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
No.	10550
Phonetic component	秋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	愁
Old Chinese	/*zrɯw/

Definitions

愁

to worry about; to be anxious; to be grieved
anxiety; sadness; sorrow

Synonyms

(to worry):

怕
急 (jí)
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
揪心 (jiūxīn)
擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
犯愁 (fànchóu)
疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
發急／发急 (fājí)
發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
發極／发极 (⁷faq ⁸jiq) (Wu)
著急／着急 (zháojí)
起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)

Compounds

不愁 (bùchóu)
不用愁
今愁古恨
借酒澆愁／借酒浇愁 (jièjiǔjiāochóu)
千愁萬恨／千愁万恨
千愁萬慮／千愁万虑
千愁萬緒／千愁万绪
哀愁 (āichóu)
四愁詩／四愁诗
坐困愁城
多愁善感 (duōchóushàngǎn)
多愁多病
天愁地慘／天愁地惨
悲愁 (bēichóu)
愁坐
愁城
愁容 (chóuróng)
愁山悶海／愁山闷海
愁布袋
愁帽
愁思 (chóusī)
愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
愁愁
愁懼兼心／愁惧兼心
愁戚戚
意擾心愁／意扰心愁
愁江恨海
愁海
愁疾
愁眉 (chóuméi)
愁眉不展 (chóuméibùzhǎn)
愁眉淚眼／愁眉泪眼
愁眉苦目
愁眉苦眼
愁眉苦臉／愁眉苦脸 (chóuméikǔliǎn)
愁紅慘綠／愁红惨绿
愁緒／愁绪 (chóuxù)
愁緒如麻／愁绪如麻
愁腸／愁肠 (chóucháng)
愁腸九轉／愁肠九转
愁腸寸斷／愁肠寸断
愁腸百結／愁肠百结
愁苦 (chóukǔ)
愁蹙
愁雲／愁云
愁雲慘霧／愁云惨雾
愁霖
愁霧／愁雾
愁顏不展／愁颜不展
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂愁夫人／忧愁夫人
慘綠愁紅／惨绿愁红
懷愁／怀愁 (huáichóu)
掃愁帚／扫愁帚
排愁破涕
新愁
新愁舊恨／新愁旧恨
日坐愁城
消愁
消愁解悶／消愁解闷
消愁釋悶／消愁释闷
消愁釋憒／消愁释愦
淚眼愁眉／泪眼愁眉
滿腹憂愁／满腹忧愁
滿面愁容／满面愁容
澆愁／浇愁
煩愁／烦愁
牢愁
發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
神愁鬼哭
窮愁／穷愁
窮愁潦倒／穷愁潦倒
篆愁君
紅愁綠慘／红愁绿惨
綠慘紅愁／绿惨红愁
羈愁／羁愁
舊恨新愁／旧恨新愁
舊愁新恨／旧愁新恨
莫愁
莫愁湖
解愁 (jiěchóu)
蹙額愁眉／蹙额愁眉
轉愁為喜／转愁为喜
遠愁／远愁
遠愁近慮／远愁近虑
鄉愁／乡愁 (xiāngchóu)
酒病花愁
閒愁／闲愁
離愁／离愁 (líchóu)
馬見愁／马见愁
鬼見愁／鬼见愁 (guǐjiànchóu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (愁):

→ Vietnamese: sầu (愁)

References

“愁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愁

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

distress

Readings

Go-on: じゅう (jū)
Kan-on: すう (sū)
Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
Kun: うれい (urei, 愁い, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 愁える, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

愁 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

愁: Hán Nôm readings: sầu, rầu, ràu, xàu, xầu

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