嘆

See also: 叹 and 歎
嘆 U+5606, 嘆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5606
← 嘅
[U+5605] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 嘇 →
[U+5607]

嘆 U+FA37, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA37
← 喝
[U+FA36] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 器 →
[U+FA38]

嘆 U+2F84C, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C
← 圖
[U+2F84B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 圗 →
[U+2F84D]

Translingual
Japanese 嘆
Simplified 叹
Traditional 嘆

Alternative forms
  • In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm, the component 𦰩󠄂 for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天.
  • In Japanese shinjitai, the component 𦰩 is written either with ⺾ (3 strokes) on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
  • In Simplified Chinese, the component 𦰩󠄂 is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 叹 (U+53F9).
  • Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA37 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+2F84C is an alternative form used in Taiwan and North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai but the top right component is written ⺿ (4 strokes) instead of ⺾ (3 strokes).

Han character

嘆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11 in Chinese, 口+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口廿中人 (RTLO) or 口廿日人 (RTAO), four-corner 64034, composition ⿰口⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA37) or ⿰口𦰩(J or U+2F84C))

Derived characters
  • 𫛗

References

Chinese
trad. 嘆/歎
simp. 叹*
alternative forms 𡂥

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儺 *naːl
臡 *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆 *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹 *n̥ʰaːn
攤 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱 *n̥ʰaːn
歎 *n̥ʰaːns
難 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢 *hnaːns
戁 *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 他干切 他旦切
Baxter than thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰan/ /tʰanH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tān tàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taan1 taan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 嘆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ˁar-s/
English sigh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4890 4895
Phonetic
component		 暵 暵
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 灘 炭
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰaːn/ /*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

嘆

  1. to sigh
    一聲長嘆／一声长叹  ―  yīshēng chángtàn  ―  to heave a deep sigh
    他深深的嘆了一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
    他深深的叹了一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shēnshēn de tàn le yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
    He let out a deep sigh.
  2. (literary or in compounds) to chant
  3. (literary or in compounds) to praise; to exclaim in admiration
    嘆服／叹服  ―  tànfú  ―  to gasp in admiration
    嘆為觀止／叹为观止  ―  tànwèiguānzhǐ  ―  to gasp in amazement
  4. (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).
  5. (Cantonese) to enjoy
    嘆世界／叹世界 [Cantonese]  ―  taan3 sai3 gaai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to enjoy life
    嘆冷氣／叹冷气 [Cantonese]  ―  taan3 laang5 hei3 [Jyutping]  ―  to enjoy air conditioning

Usage notes

嘆 is considered a variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong.

Synonyms
  • (to sigh):
  • (to chant):
  • (to praise):

Compounds

Japanese
Shinjitai 嘆
Kyūjitai
[1]
嘆
&#xFA37;
or
嘆+&#xFE00;?
嘆󠄀
嘆+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
嘆󠄃
嘆+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
嘆

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嘆)

  1. to sigh
  2. to lament
  3. to moan
  4. to grieve

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
嘆
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spellings
嘆 (kyūjitai)
歎

From Middle Chinese 嘆 (MC than|thanH).

Pronunciation

Noun

嘆(たん) • (tan) 

  1. sigh

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. “嘆”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

Wikisource 嘆 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))

  1. Alternative form of 歎 (“Hanja form? of 탄 (“sigh”).”)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], than[4]
嘆: Nôm readings: than[1][2][3][5][4][6], han[1][2][3][4][7][6], thán[2][5][6], thăn[5][6], hớn[1], hen[3], thơn[3]

  1. Nôm form of than (“to complain”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Hồ (1976).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Génibrel (1898).
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