स्थान

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Persian (-estân, “place”).

Doublet of थाना (thānā), a tadbhava, and of -स्तान (-stān), a Persian loanword.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /st̪ʰɑːn/, [st̪ʰä̃ːn]

Noun

स्थान • (sthān) m (Urdu spelling ستھان)

place, site, location
Synonym: जगह (jagah)

उसका उपहार गुप्त स्थान में है।
uskā uphār gupt sthān mẽ hai.
His gift is at a secret location.
room
यहाँ तुम्हारे लिए स्थान नहीं है।
yahā̃ tumhāre lie sthān nahī̃ hai.
There is no room for you here.

Declension

Declension of स्थान (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	स्थान sthān	स्थानें sthānẽ
oblique	स्थान sthān	स्थानों sthānõ
vocative	स्थान sthān	स्थानो sthāno

Derived terms

जन्म स्थान (janma sthān)
तीर्थ स्थान (tīrth sthān)
निवास स्थान (nivās sthān)
वास स्थान (vās sthān)
समाधि स्थान (samādhi sthān)

Related terms

अवस्थान (avasthān)
प्रस्थान (prasthān)
प्रस्थान करना (prasthān karnā)
राजस्थान (rājasthān)
संस्थान (sansthān)
स्थानांतर (sthānāntar)
स्थानांतरण (sthānāntraṇ)
स्थानांतरण करना (sthānāntraṇ karnā)
स्थानांतरित (sthānāntrit)
स्थानापन्न (sthānāpann)
स्थानापन्न करना (sthānāpann karnā)
स्थानिक (sthānik)
स्थानी (sthānī)
स्थानीय (sthānīya)
स्थानीयता (sthānīytā)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “स्थान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Platts, John T. (1884) “स्थान”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /st̪ʰan/

Noun

स्थान • (sthān) n

place, position, location
Synonyms: जागा (j̈āgā), ठिकाण (ṭhikāṇ), स्थळ (sthaḷ)
status

Declension

Declension of स्थान (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	स्थान sthān
direct plural	स्थाने, स्थानं sthāne, sthāna
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	स्थान sthān	स्थाने, स्थानं sthāne, sthāna
oblique सामान्यरूप	स्थाना sthānā	स्थानां- sthānān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	स्थानाला sthānālā	स्थानांना sthānānnā
ergative	स्थानाने, स्थानानं sthānāne, sthānāna	स्थानांनी sthānānnī
instrumental	स्थानाशी sthānāśī	स्थानांशी sthānānśī
locative सप्तमी	स्थानात sthānāt	स्थानांत sthānāt
vocative संबोधन	स्थाना sthānā	स्थानांनो sthānānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of स्थान (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	स्थानाचा sthānāċā	स्थानाचे sthānāċe	स्थानाची sthānācī	स्थानाच्या sthānācā	स्थानाचे, स्थानाचं sthānāċe, sthānāċa	स्थानाची sthānācī	स्थानाच्या sthānācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	स्थानांचा sthānānċā	स्थानांचे sthānānċe	स्थानांची sthānāñcī	स्थानांच्या sthānāncā	स्थानांचे, स्थानांचं sthānānċe, sthānānċa	स्थानांची sthānāñcī	स्थानांच्या sthānāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “स्थान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “स्थान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

স্থান (Assamese script)
ᬲ᭄ᬣᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
স্থান (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰿𑰞𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
သ္ထာန (Burmese script)
સ્થાન (Gujarati script)
ਸ੍ਥਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍍𑌥𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
ꦱ꧀ꦡꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂹𑂟𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
ಸ್ಥಾನ (Kannada script)
ស្ថាន (Khmer script)
ສ຺ຖານ (Lao script)
സ്ഥാന (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
ᠰᠲᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧠𑦾𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
ସ୍ଥାନ (Odia script)
ꢱ꣄ꢢꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑇀𑆡𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖿𑖞𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
ස‍්ථාන (Sinhalese script)
𑪁 𑪙𑩬𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚶𑚚𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
ஸ்த²ாந (Tamil script)
స్థాన (Telugu script)
สฺถาน (Thai script)
སྠཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑓂𑒟𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑩇𑨚𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-no-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), Persian (-estân, “place”). By surface analysis, स्था (sthā) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /stʰɑ́ː.nɐ/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪t̪ʰɑː.n̪ɐ/

Noun

स्थान • (sthā́na) stem, n

the act of standing, standing firmly, being fixed or stationary
position or posture of the body (in shooting etc.)
staying, abiding, being in or on (in locative or compound)
storing-place or storage (of goods)
firm bearing (of troops), sustaining a charge (as opposed to युद्ध (yuddha, “charging”))
state, condition (at the end of compound = "being in the state of")
continued existence, continuance in the same state (i.e. in a kind of neutral state unmarked by loss or gain), continuing as or as long as (with instrumental)
a state of perfect tranquility
station, rank, office, appointment, dignity, degree
place of standing or staying, any place, spot, locality, abode, dwelling, house, site
स्थाने स्थाने (sthāne sthāne) or स्थाने स्थानेषु (sthāne sthāneṣu) — in different places; here and there
- RV 7.70.3
यानि सथानान्यश्विना दधाथे दिवो यह्वीष्वोषधीषु विक्षु |

नि पर्वतस्य मूर्धनि सदन्तेषं जनाय दाशुषेवहन्ता ||

चनिष्टं देवा ओषधीष्वप्सु यद योग्या अश्नवैथे रषीणाम |
yāni sthānānyaśvinā dadhāthe divo yahvīṣvoṣadhīṣu vikṣu |

ni parvatasya mūrdhani sadanteṣaṃ janāya dāśuṣevahantā ||

caniṣṭaṃ devā oṣadhīṣvapsu yad yoghyā aśnavaithe ṛṣīṇām |
Whatever dwellings ye possess, O Aśvins, in fields of men or in the streams of heaven,

Resting upon the summit of the mountain, or bringing food to him who gives oblation,

Delight yourselves, ye Gods, in plants and waters when Ṛṣis give them and ye find they suit You.
place or room, stead
स्थाने (sthā́ne) (with genitive or at the end of compound) — in place of, instead of, in lieu of

रिपु स्थाने वर्तते (ripu-sthāne-√vṛt) — to act in the place of an enemy

विलोचनस्थ्āनगत (vilocana-sthāna-gata) — acting the part of eyes
(at the end of a compound) "taking the place of", "acting as", "representing" or "represented by"
पितृस्थान (pitṛ́-sthāna) — acting as a father; represented by a father

इयङुवङ्स्थान (iyaṅ-uvaṅ-sthāna) — represented by 'iy' or 'uv'' (as ī and ū, Pāṇini 1-4, 4)
in Pāṇini's grammar the genitive case is often used alone, when the word sthāne has to be supplied:
हन्तेर् जः (hanter jaḥ) — ज (ja) is to be substituted in place of हन् (han)
place for, receptacle of (+ genitive)
proper or right place
स्थाने (sthā́ne) — in the right place or at the right time, seasonably, justly
province, region, domain, sphere (of gods or virtuous men; said to be in one of three places, namely "earth" or "atmosphere" or "heaven"; according to some that of virtuous Brahmins is called प्राजापत्य (prājāpatya); of Kshatriyas, ऐन्द्र (aindra); of Vaishyas, मारुत (māruta); of Shudras, गान्धर्व (gāndharva))
the main support or strength or chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four, namely "army", "treasury", "city", "territory")
a stronghold, fortress
the place or organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, namely कण्ठ (kaṇṭha, “throat”); तालु (tālu, “palate”); मूर्धन् (mūrdhan, “top of palate”); दन्त (danta, “teeth”); ओष्ठ (oṣṭha, “lips”); कण्ठतालु (kaṇṭha-tālu, “throat and palate”); कण्ठोष्ठ (kaṇṭh-oṣṭha, “throat and lips”); दन्तोष्ठ (dant-oṣṭha, “teeth and lips”); to which are added नासिका (nāsikā, “nose”), said to be the place of utterance of true anusvāra, and उरस् (uras, “chest”), of visarga)
any organ of sense (e.g. the eye)
the pitch or key of the voice, note, tone (of which according to Rigveda-Pratishakhya there are three (see मन्द्र (mandra)), or according to Taittirīya-Pratishakya, seven)
वीना च्युता स्थानात् (vīnā cyutā sthānāt) — a lute out of tune
shape, form, appearance (as of the moon)
the part or character of an actor
case, occurrence
नेदं स्थानं विद्यते (ne-daṃ sthānaṃ vidyate) — this case does not occur
occasion, opportunity for (genitive or compound)
स्थाने (sthāne) — occasionally
cause or object of (genitive or compound)
शुल्कस्थान (śulka-sthāna) — an object of toll

पूजास्थान (pūjā-sthāna), मान्यस्थान (mānya-sthāna) — an object of honour; also applied to persons

स्थाने (sthāne) — because of, on account of
a section or division (e.g. of medicine)
(astrology) a mansion or its subdivision
= कार्योत्सर्ग (kāryo-tsarga)
an open place in a town, plain, square
a holy place
an altar
name of a Gandharva king

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of स्थान (sthā́na)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्थानम् sthā́nam	स्थाने sthā́ne	स्थानानि / स्थाना¹ sthā́nāni / sthā́nā¹
Vocative	स्थान sthā́na	स्थाने sthā́ne	स्थानानि / स्थाना¹ sthā́nāni / sthā́nā¹
Accusative	स्थानम् sthā́nam	स्थाने sthā́ne	स्थानानि / स्थाना¹ sthā́nāni / sthā́nā¹
Instrumental	स्थानेन sthā́nena	स्थानाभ्याम् sthā́nābhyām	स्थानैः / स्थानेभिः¹ sthā́naiḥ / sthā́nebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्थानाय sthā́nāya	स्थानाभ्याम् sthā́nābhyām	स्थानेभ्यः sthā́nebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्थानात् sthā́nāt	स्थानाभ्याम् sthā́nābhyām	स्थानेभ्यः sthā́nebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्थानस्य sthā́nasya	स्थानयोः sthā́nayoḥ	स्थानानाम् sthā́nānām
Locative	स्थाने sthā́ne	स्थानयोः sthā́nayoḥ	स्थानेषु sthā́neṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

स्थानचञ्चला (sthānacañcalā)
स्थानचतुर्विधश्लोक (sthānacaturvidhaśloka)
स्थानचिन्तक (sthānacintaka)
स्थानच्युत (sthānacyuta)
स्थानतस् (sthānatas)
स्थानता (sthānatā)
स्थानत्याग (sthānatyāga)
स्थानत्व (sthānatva)
स्थानदातृ (sthānadātṛ)
स्थानदीप्त (sthānadīpta)
स्थानपत (sthānapata)
स्थानपति (sthānapati)
स्थानपात (sthānapāta)
स्थानपाल (sthānapāla)
स्थानप्रच्युत (sthānapracyuta)
स्थानप्राप्ति (sthānaprāpti)
स्थानभङ्ग (sthānabhaṅga)
स्थानभूमि (sthānabhūmi)
स्थानभ्रंश (sthānabhraṃśa)
स्थानभ्रष्ट (sthānabhraṣṭa)
स्थानमाहात्म्य (sthānamāhātmya)
स्थानमृग (sthānamṛga)
स्थानयोग (sthānayoga)
स्थानयोगिन् (sthānayogin)
स्थानरक्षक (sthānarakṣaka)
स्थानवत् (sthānavat)
स्थानविद् (sthānavid)
स्थानविभाग (sthānavibhāga)
स्थानवीरासन (sthānavīrāsana)
स्थानस्थ (sthānastha)
स्थानस्थान (sthānasthāna)
स्थानस्थित (sthānasthita)
स्थानाङ्ग (sthānāṅga)
स्थानाधिकार (sthānādhikāra)
स्थानाधिपति (sthānādhipati)
स्थानाध्यक्ष (sthānādhyakṣa)
स्थानान्त (sthānānta)
स्थानान्तर (sthānāntara)
स्थानान्तरगत (sthānāntaragata)
स्थानान्तराभिमुख (sthānāntarābhimukha)
स्थानान्यत्व (sthānānyatva)
स्थानापत्ति (sthānāpatti)
स्थानापन्न (sthānāpanna)
स्थानाभाव (sthānābhāva)
स्थानाश्रय (sthānāśraya)
स्थानासन (sthānāsana)
स्थानासनविहारवत् (sthānāsanavihāravat)
स्थानासनिक (sthānāsanika)
स्थानासेध (sthānāsedha)
स्थानास्थानज्ञानबल (sthānāsthānajñānabala)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (thān)
- Gawar-Bati: ٹھَن (ṭhan)
- Kalasha: thon
- Kashmiri: تھانہٕ (thānụ, “police station”), تھَانَ (“dwelling place”)
- Khowar: تھَن (than, “body”)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (tān)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (thān)
- ⇒ Shumashti: [script needed] (šāṛie-thōone)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (thān)
Southern:
- Helu Prakrit:
  - Dhivehi: ތަން (tan̊)
  - Sinhalese: තන (tana)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
  - Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
  - Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
  - Early Assamese: থান (thano)
    - Assamese: থান (than), ঠান (than, “shape”), থানা (thana, “police station”)
    - Bengali: থান (than), থানা (thana, “police station, post”), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi)
    - Odia: ଠାଣା (ṭhaṇa, “post”), ଠଣା (ṭhôṇa, “residence”)
Pali: ṭhāna
- → Burmese: ဌာန (htana., “place”)
- → Khmer: ឋាន (thaan, “place”), ដ្ឋាន (thaan) (as suffix)
- → Tamil: தானி (tāṉi)
- → Thai: ฐาน (tǎan, “place, evidence; because”)
- → Lao: ຖານ (thān, “place, evidence; because”)
Western:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
  - Garhwali: थान (thān)
  - Gujarati: ઠાણ (ṭhāṇ), થાણું (thāṇũ, “police station”)
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: थान (thān), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
    Urdu: تھان (thān), تھانہ (thānā, “police station”)
  - Kumaoni: थाणो (thāṇo, “police station”)
  - Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
  - Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
  - Nepali: थानु (thānu), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
  - Punjabi: ਥਾਣ (thāṇ), ਥਾਣਾ (thāṇā, “police station”)
  - Romani: than
  - Sindhi: थाणो (ṭhāṇo), ठाणु (ṭhāṇu, “stall in a stable”)
  - Romani: than
    - Welsh Romani: than
    - Vlax Romani: tan
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: स्थान (sthān)

Urdu: ستھان (sthān)
→ Bengali: স্থান (sthan)
→ Kannada: ಸ್ಥಾನ (sthāna)
→ Lao: ສະຖານ (sa thān)
→ Lü: ᦉᦏᦱᧃ (ṡṫhaan), ᦏᦱᧃᧉ (ṫhaan²)
→ Malayalam: സ്ഥാനം (sthānaṁ)
→ Marathi: स्थान (sthān)
→ Telugu: స్థానము (sthānamu), స్థానం (sthānaṁ)
→ Thai: สถาน (sà-tǎan), สถานะ (sà-tǎa-ná)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthāˊna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Monier Williams (1899) “स्थान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1263.

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