سنة

See also: سنه, سنت, and سنہ

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šanat-, Compare Hebrew שָׁנָה.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sa.nah/

Noun

سَنَة • (sana) f (plural سَنَوَات (sanawāt) or سِنُون (sinūn) or سِنِين (sinīn))

  1. year
    Synonyms: عَام (ʕām), حَوْل (ḥawl)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14:
      وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا
      walaqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi falabiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman
      And verily we sent Noah (as Our messenger) unto his folk, and he continued with them for a thousand years save fifty years
Usage notes

According to Ibn Manzur, some speakers decline the nūn in سِنين, treating it as an irregular plural. Accordingly, the yā' does not change to wāw whence using this form.

Declension
Declension of noun سَنَة (sana)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَنَة
sana		 السَّنَة
as-sana		 سَنَة
sanat
Nominative سَنَةٌ
sanatun		 السَّنَةُ
as-sanatu		 سَنَةُ
sanatu
Accusative سَنَةً
sanatan		 السَّنَةَ
as-sanata		 سَنَةَ
sanata
Genitive سَنَةٍ
sanatin		 السَّنَةِ
as-sanati		 سَنَةِ
sanati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَنَتَيْن
sanatayn		 السَّنَتَيْن
as-sanatayn		 سَنَتَيْ
sanatay
Nominative سَنَتَانِ
sanatāni		 السَّنَتَانِ
as-sanatāni		 سَنَتَا
sanatā
Accusative سَنَتَيْنِ
sanatayni		 السَّنَتَيْنِ
as-sanatayni		 سَنَتَيْ
sanatay
Genitive سَنَتَيْنِ
sanatayni		 السَّنَتَيْنِ
as-sanatayni		 سَنَتَيْ
sanatay
Plural sound feminine plural‎; sound masculine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَنَوَات‎; سِنِين
sanawāt‎; sinīn		 السَّنَوَات‎; السِّنِين
as-sanawāt‎; as-sinīn		 سَنَوَات‎; سِنِي‎; سِنِين
sanawāt‎; sinī‎; sinīn
Nominative سَنَوَاتٌ‎; سِنُونَ‎; سِنِينٌ
sanawātun‎; sinūna‎; sinīnun		 السَّنَوَاتُ‎; السِّنُونَ‎; السِّنِينُ
as-sanawātu‎; as-sinūna‎; as-sinīnu		 سَنَوَاتُ‎; سِنُو‎; سِنِينُ
sanawātu‎; sinū‎; sinīnu
Accusative سَنَوَاتٍ‎; سِنِينَ‎; سِنِينًا
sanawātin‎; sinīna‎; sinīnan		 السَّنَوَاتِ‎; السِّنِينَ
as-sanawāti‎; as-sinīna		 سَنَوَاتِ‎; سِنِي‎; سِنِينَ
sanawāti‎; sinī‎; sinīna
Genitive سَنَوَاتٍ‎; سِنِينَ‎; سِنِينٍ
sanawātin‎; sinīna‎; sinīnin		 السَّنَوَاتِ‎; السِّنِينَ‎; السِّنِينِ
as-sanawāti‎; as-sinīna‎; as-sinīni		 سَنَوَاتِ‎; سِنِي‎; سِنِينِ
sanawāti‎; sinī‎; sinīni
Descendants
  • Egyptian Arabic: سنة (sána)
  • Gulf Arabic: سِنَة (sɪnə)
  • North Levantine Arabic: سنه (sini)
  • Maltese: sena
  • → Afar: sanát
  • → Azerbaijani: sənə
  • → Bengali: সন (śon)
  • → Harsusi: senet
  • → Hindi: सन् (san)
  • → Mehri: سنيت (senēt)
  • → Soqotri: sanah
  • → Tigre: ሰነት (sänät)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: سنه
  • → Uzbek: sana

Etymology 2

Cognate with Hebrew שֵׁנָה (šēnā, “sleep, slumber”), Mehri شنيت (“sleep, slumber”) and Ugaritic 𐎌𐎐𐎚 (šnt).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /si.na/

Noun

سِنَة • (sina) f

  1. drowsiness
    Synonym: نُعَاس (nuʕās)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:255:
      اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ۚ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ۚ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۚ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ۖ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ
      Allah—there is no god except Him, the Living One, the All-sustainer. Neither drowsiness befalls Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that may intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not comprehend anything of His knowledge except what He wills. His seat embraces the heavens and the earth and He is not wearied by their preservation. And He is the All-exalted, the All-supreme.
  2. slumber; nap
    Synonym: قَيْلُولَة (qaylūla)
Declension
Declension of noun سِنَة (sina)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سِنَة
sina		 السِّنَة
as-sina		 سِنَة
sinat
Nominative سِنَةٌ
sinatun		 السِّنَةُ
as-sinatu		 سِنَةُ
sinatu
Accusative سِنَةً
sinatan		 السِّنَةَ
as-sinata		 سِنَةَ
sinata
Genitive سِنَةٍ
sinatin		 السِّنَةِ
as-sinati		 سِنَةِ
sinati
See also

Etymology 3
Root
س ن ن (s-n-n)

Compare سَنَّ (sanna, “to establish (a law, custom, etc.)”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sun.na/

Noun

سُنَّة • (sunna) f (plural سُنَن (sunan))

  1. (countable) a usual, recurrent, continual, determinable, or constant thing
    1. (countable) a common, habitual, popularized, or enforced practice; a custom, convention, or ritual; a social norm or standard
      Synonyms: عُرْف (ʕurf), عَادَة (ʕāda), تَقْلِيد (taqlīd)
      • a. 1002, Ibn Jinnī, الخصائص:
        وهذا عادة للعرب مألوفة وسنة مسلوكة: إذا أعطوا شيئًا من شيء حكمًا ما قابلوا ذلك بأن يعطوا المأخوذ منه حكمًا من أحكام صاحبه عمارة لبينهما وتتميمًا للشبه الجامع لهما. وعليه باب ما لا ينصرف ألا تراهم لما شبهوا الاسم بالفعل فلم يصرفوه؛ كذلك شبهوا الفعل بالاسم فأعربوه
        This is a familiar Arab custom and a recurrent practice. For when they judged a part of some thing to be such-and-such, they also qualified the thing itself from which a part has been taken as having some attribute of the part so as to balance the whole and the part and to formulate their commonly shared similarities. And on this, nunation (or the lack thereof) was modeled. Do you not see how they sometimes likened the noun to the verb and thus did not nunate it and other times likened the verb to the noun and thus suffixed it in the manner of nouns?
    2. (uncountable) the conduct, habits, behavior, or mannerisms of a person (viewed collectively)
    3. (countable) a determinate or predetermined universal law (either normative or historical)
      سُنَنُ الْكَوْنِ وَٱلتَّارِيخِ
      sunanu al-kawni wat-tārīḵi
      the [determinative] laws of history and the universe
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, section 33:
        لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْمُرْجِفُونَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ لَنُغْرِيَنَّكَ بِهِمْ ثُمَّ لا يُجَاوِرُونَكَ فِيهَا إِلاَّ قَلِيلا / مَلْعُونِينَ أَيْنَمَا ثُقِفُوا أُخِذُوا وَقُتِّلُوا تَقْتِيلا / سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلا
        If the dissimulators, those whose hearts are diseased, and the [demoralizing] scaremongers in Medina do not stop, We shall [first] incite you against them, and then they shall never neighbor you in it but [very] rarely. / Cursed [are they] wherever they are espied—they shall be captured and slaughtered! / [Such was] the Law of Allah for those who perished in the past, and you shall never find any alteration in the Law of Allah.
  2. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (countable, Islam) a narrative attributed to an Islamic religious figure (typically Prophet Muhammad), a tradition; a hadith
    جَامِعُ ٱلسُّنَنِ وَالْمَسَانِيدِ
    jāmiʕu s-sunani wālmasānīdi
    The Compilation of Religious Traditions and Chains of Narration
    Synonyms: رِوَايَة (riwāya), أَثَر (ʔaṯar), حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ)
    1. (uncountable, Islam) the body of narratives attributed to Islamic religious figures (viewed collectively)
  3. (countable, Islam) a religiously canonized tradition or practice
    Antonyms: بِدْعَة (bidʕa, “an uncanonical or heterodox innovation; a heterodoxy; an newly introduced deviation or degeneration”), زَنْدَقَة (zandaqa, “a heresy”)
    1. (uncountable, Islam, see usage notes) the set of canonical traditions whence orthodoxy and orthopraxy are derived (viewed collectively)
      Hypernym: شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, “the set of religious ordinances”)
    2. (uncountable, Islam, approving, see usage notes) adherence to the religious traditions, traditionalism; orthodoxy and orthopraxy
      Antonyms: بِدْعَة (bidʕa, “heterodoxy; heteropraxy”), زَنْدَقَة (zandaqa, “misbelief, heresy”)
    3. (countable, Islam) a traditional religious practice for which there is a divine reward but for whose omission there is no punishment, a commendable supererogatory act often done as an expression of faith, a religious work of supererogation
      Coordinate term: فَرْض (farḍ)
  4. (Islam, see usage notes) the Sunni sect or the adherents thereof (viewed collectively); Sunnism
    مَا أَبْرَزُ الِاخْتِلَافَاتِ الْفِقْهِيَّةِ بَيْنَ السُّنَّةِ وَالشِّيعَة؟
    What are the major jurisprudential differences between Sunnites and Shiites?
  5. (countable, obsolete) an image, a form, an appearance, a look
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 7, Art. 54, pages 403–404:
      أما العليق فمعروف وأما الورد الجبلي وورد الكلب وهو المعروف عند أهل الطب بالنسرين قال أبو حنيفة الورد الجبلي يشبه الورد ويشبه ذلك بعض سنة العليق وثمره شبيه العنب الدليك وهو أحمر يشبه البسر إلا أن طرفه محدود وفي داخله شبه الصوف ونواره نوار الورد أبيض يشوبه حمرة
      In what concerns the bramble, it is well known, and in what concerns the mountain-rose and the dog-rose, it is well-known among the physicians as nisrīn; Abū Ḥanīfa said the mountain-rose resembles the rose, and this resembles a bit the image of the bramble, and the fruit is similar to the dust-vine; it is red and resembles the unripe date, except that its tip is pointed, and in its inner there is a kind of wool, and its blossom is that of a white rose with an admixture of red.
Usage notes
  • In the sense of “religious traditions”, the term is almost always approving, as it also implies adherence to the said traditions, hence orthodoxy in general. As such, it has come to be a common self-designation for diverse groups, and so it is never used to refer to ideological and sectarian rivals in polemics.
  • In the sense of “Sunnism”, the term is also usually an approving denomination, though it is also used neutrally to single out those sects that employ other terms as their self-designations, such as شِيعَة (šīʕa). Compare the meanings of catholic and orthodox in English, the latter of which is found in the names of several Christian denominations and churches.
  • While سُنَّة (sunna) is used to signify both “normative teachings recorded in hadiths” and “recommended practices”, this does not mean that hadiths are never interpreted as commandments and hard obligations. In fact, this is very often the case. In the same way, the fact that سُنَّة (sunna) also refers to the “Sunni sect” does not mean that other sects with different names do not have “a Sunnah” (that is, a religious canon).
Declension
Declension of noun سُنَّة (sunna)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُنَّة
sunna		 السُّنَّة
as-sunna		 سُنَّة
sunnat
Nominative سُنَّةٌ
sunnatun		 السُّنَّةُ
as-sunnatu		 سُنَّةُ
sunnatu
Accusative سُنَّةً
sunnatan		 السُّنَّةَ
as-sunnata		 سُنَّةَ
sunnata
Genitive سُنَّةٍ
sunnatin		 السُّنَّةِ
as-sunnati		 سُنَّةِ
sunnati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُنَّتَيْن
sunnatayn		 السُّنَّتَيْن
as-sunnatayn		 سُنَّتَيْ
sunnatay
Nominative سُنَّتَانِ
sunnatāni		 السُّنَّتَانِ
as-sunnatāni		 سُنَّتَا
sunnatā
Accusative سُنَّتَيْنِ
sunnatayni		 السُّنَّتَيْنِ
as-sunnatayni		 سُنَّتَيْ
sunnatay
Genitive سُنَّتَيْنِ
sunnatayni		 السُّنَّتَيْنِ
as-sunnatayni		 سُنَّتَيْ
sunnatay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُنَن
sunan		 السُّنَن
as-sunan		 سُنَن
sunan
Nominative سُنَنٌ
sunanun		 السُّنَنُ
as-sunanu		 سُنَنُ
sunanu
Accusative سُنَنًا
sunanan		 السُّنَنَ
as-sunana		 سُنَنَ
sunana
Genitive سُنَنٍ
sunanin		 السُّنَنِ
as-sunani		 سُنَنِ
sunani
Derived terms
Descendants
References
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “سن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Arabic سَنَة (sana, “year”).

Noun

سنة • (sána) f, pl سنين (sínīn) سنوات (sánawāt)

  1. year

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • مسانية (mísaniyya)
  • سنوى (sánawi)
  • سنوية (sánawiyya)
  • سن (sinn)

References
  • Spiro, Socrates (1895). An Arabic-English vocabulary of the colloquial Arabic of Egypt, containing the vernacular idioms and expressions, slang phrases, etc., etc., used by the native Egyptians Cairo: Al-Mokattam Printing Office.
  • Hinds, Martin; Badawi, El-Said (1986). A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic Beirut: Librairie du Liban.

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic سَنة (sana).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sa.na/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

سنة • (sana) f (dual سنتين (santayn), plural سنين (snīn) or سنوات (sanawāt))

  1. year
    Synonym: عام (ʕām)

Etymology 2

From Arabic سِنّ (sinn).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /san.na/

Noun

سنة • (sanna) f (plural سنان (snān), diminutive سنينة (snīna))

  1. tooth

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic سَنَة (sana).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sa.ne/, [ˈsa.ne]
  • IPA(key): /sa.na/, [ˈsa.na]
  • Audio (Amman)(file)

Noun

سنة • (sane) f (plural سنين (snīn) or سنوات (sanawāt))

  1. year

See also
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.