در

See also: ڈر, ذر, دز, and دژ

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
د ر ر (d-r-r)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâr- (to increase). Cognate with Old South Arabian 𐩵𐩧𐩧 (drr, abundance, harvest).

Verb

دَرَّ • (darra) I, non-past يَدِرُّ or يَدُرُّ‎ (yadirru or yadurru)

  1. to flow copiously
  2. to stream, to flow, to well
  3. to accrue
  4. to be abundant, to be plentiful
Conjugation

Noun

دَرّ • (darr) m

  1. verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
  2. copious flow of milk
  3. milk, lactation
  4. achievement, accomplishment
  5. nature, natural disposition
  6. soul, mind, intellect
Declension
Derived terms
  • لِلَّٰهِ دَرُّكَ (lillāhi darruka)
References

Noun

دُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))

  1. pearls
    Synonym: لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ)
Declension
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: dürr
  • Uzbek: dur

Verb

دُرْ • (dur) (form I)

  1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of دَارَ (dāra)

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Old Armenian դար (dar, high place, precipice).

Noun

در (dir) ?

  1. side of a mountain

References

  • Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “դար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

Ottoman Turkish

Noun

در • (der)

  1. Alternative form of تر (ter, sweat)

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian در (durr), from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

Noun

در • (dür)

  1. pearl
  2. (figurative) a beautiful girl

Etymology 3

From Persian در (dar).

Preposition

در • (der)

  1. in, into
  2. within, among

Etymology 4

Contraction of دورور (durur, it stands).

Verb

در • (dır, dir, dur, dür)

  1. (he, she, it) is; (they) are
Descendants

Phrase

در • (dur)

  1. it is
Alternative forms
  • دورر, دور considered old by the 19th century

References

Pashto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dar/

Pronoun

در • (dar)

  1. toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /⁠andar⁠/, in, among, towards, concerning), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, among, within), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (inner, what is inside).[1]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dar
Dari reading? dar
Iranian reading? dar
Tajik reading? dar
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ar

Preposition

Dari در
Iranian Persian
Tajik дар

در • (dar)

  1. at
    در خانه
    dar xâne
    at home
  2. in
    در کیف
    dar kif
    in a bag
  3. within, among
  4. to
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, gate, court, palace, chapter, subject), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, door, gate), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuarəm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindustani बार (bār) / بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (gate, door) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).[2]

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dar
Dari reading? dar
Iranian reading? dar
Tajik reading? dar
  • (file)

Noun

Dari دَروازهَ
Iranian Persian در
Tajik дар

در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))

  1. (chiefly Iran) door
  2. (chiefly Iran) lid
  3. (dated) court
  4. (dated) topic, subject
  5. (dated) chapter
Usage notes
  • The usage of در as "door", while still understood, has become uncommon in Dari.
Derived terms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /deɾ/

Verb

در • (der)

  1. (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن
    حالا کم کم می‌بینُم کار دِرَه بالا می‌گیرِه.
    hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dur
Dari reading? dur
Iranian reading? dor
Tajik reading? dur

Noun

در • (dorr)

  1. pearl

Verb

در • (dar)

  1. present stem form of دریدن (daridan)

References

  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
  2. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 500

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian در (dar). Doublet of دوار (dvār).

Noun

دَر • (dar) m (Hindi spelling दर) (poetic)

  1. door

Ushojo

Preposition

در (dar)

  1. inside, in, into

Adverb

در (dar)

  1. in something

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian در (dar).

Noun

در (dar)

  1. door
    Synonym: دروازو (darvāzō)
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