pena

Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penaa)

pena

1. A Meitei classical musical instrument.

pena f (plural penes)

1. grief; sorrow
2. punishment
3. sentence (for a crime)

• penar — verb

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpena/, [ˈpe.n̪a]
• Hyphenation: pe‧na

péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

1. penalty

   Synonym: padusa

2. prohibition; forbiddance

   Synonyms: prohibisiyon, pagbawal, pangalad

péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

1. to penalize

   Synonym: padusa

2. to prohibit, to forbid

   Synonym: prohibir

Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛ.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpe.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈpe.na]

pena f (plural penes)

1. punishment
2. (law) penalty
3. grief, sorrow, pain
4. difficulty, trouble
5. a shame, a pity

• a penes
• pena capital
• penal
• penar
• valer la pena

Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”).

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛ.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpə.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈpe.na]

pena f (plural penes)

1. peen (of a hammer)
2. (nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)

Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛ.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpə.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈpe.na]

pena f (plural penes)

1. Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛ.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpe.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈpe.na]

pena

1. inflection of penar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “pena” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pena”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “pena” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pena” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpena̝/

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

pena f (plural penas)

1. punishment, penalty

   Synonym: castigo

   • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:

     o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas

     the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement

2. pain; sadness

   Synonyms: dor, tristura, mágoa

   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:

     en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena

     so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain

• pena de morte (“death penalty”)
• penar
• penitencia
• penitente
• que pena
• vale a pena

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena f (plural penas)

1. vanes or blades of a water wheel

   Synonym: aspa

2. (archaic) feather

   Synonym: pluma

   • 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:

     Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
     Eu veño con asas negras
     Cortando os ventos de longe
     Para chegar à estas festas.
     Oge Apolo me tornou
     En brancas as negras penas,
     Para cantar como o Cisne
     As grandezas de Fonseca.

     The raven speaks, listen everyone:
     "I come with black wings
     Cutting the winds from afar
     To arrive to these feasts.
     Today Apolo turned
     White my black feathers
     For singing, as the Swan,
     The greatness of Fonseca."

3. (archaic) pelt

   Synonym: pelica

   • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:

     coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina

     all of that boiled together with a hen pelt

• depenar (“to pluck, to peel”)
• depenicar (“to pluck”)
• penacho (“tuft, crest”)

Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia

Pena Surbia (2116 m) and Pena Trevinca (2127 m), highest mountains in Galicia

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.

pena f (plural penas)

1. boulder, rock

   Synonym: penedo

   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:

     alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo

     there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high

2. (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain

   Synonym: cabeza

• “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “pena” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• "pena" in Santamarina, Antón (coord.): Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega. <http://ilg.usc.es/TILG/>
• “pena” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.

pena

1. feather

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛna]
• Hyphenation: pè‧na

pèna (first-person possessive penaku, second-person possessive penamu, third-person possessive penanya)

1. pen (writing utensil)

• pen (nonstandard)

• bolpen

• “pena” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpe.na/
• Rhymes: -ena
• Hyphenation: pé‧na

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

pena f (plural pene)

1. sorrow
2. trouble
3. worry, anxiety
4. pity
5. sentence, penalty, punishment

   Synonyms: castigo, punizione

6. pain

• penale

pena

1. inflection of penare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• pena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

• nepa, pane

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

pena f (plural penes)

1. penalty, punishment

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpeː.na/, [ˈpeːnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.na/, [ˈpɛːnä]

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

First-declension noun.

• pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• pena in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

1. pain; suffering

• dolor

• Occitan: pena

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

• Rhymes: -enɐ, (Brazil) -ẽnɐ
• Hyphenation: pe‧na

pena f (plural penas)

1. punishment

   Synonyms: castigo, condenação

2. pain; sadness

   Synonyms: dor, tristeza

• penoso

pena

1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)

• penar
• penitência
• penitente
• vale a pena

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena

• Hyphenation: pe‧na

pena f (plural penas)

1. feather

   Synonym: pluma

2. quill (pen made from a feather)
3. (dated) Alternative form of penha

• penada
• Pena
• Penacova
• Penafiel
• Penalva

• plumagem
• penugem

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛnɐ, (Brazil) -enɐ, (Brazil) -ẽnɐ
• Hyphenation: pe‧na

pena

1. inflection of penar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• pȉna (Ikavian)
• pjȅna (Ijekavian)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

1. foam

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpena]

pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)

1. foam

• penový
• pienka

• “pena”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

• IPA^(key): /pèːna/

pẹ́na f

1. foam

• “pena”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

• IPA^(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.na]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ena
• Syllabification: pe‧na

Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

pena f (plural penas)

1. punishment

   Synonyms: castigo, condena

2. pain, sadness

   Synonyms: dolor, tristeza

3. trouble

   Synonyms: problema, dificultad

4. pity

   Synonym: lástima

5. (Latin America) embarrassment

   Synonyms: vergüenza, palta (Peru)

pena

1. inflection of penar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “pena”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpɛ.nɐ]
• Rhymes: -ena
• Syllabification: pe‧na

pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

1. punishment

   Synonyms: kastigo, parusa

2. penalty; fine
3. pain; sorrow; grief

• “pena”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

From Italian penna.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛnɑ/
• Hyphenation: pe‧na

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

1. (music) plectrum

• mızrap
• çalgıç
• tezene

From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.

pena

1. hardly

pena

1. genitive singular of pen