paha
English
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *paha, borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*bāga-), from Proto-Germanic *bēgaz.
Declension
Declension of paha (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | paha | ||
genitive | pahade | ||
partitive | paha | pahu pahasid | |
illative | pahha pahasse |
pahadesse pahusse | |
inessive | pahas | pahades pahus | |
elative | pahast | pahadest pahust | |
allative | pahale | pahadele pahule | |
adessive | pahal | pahadel pahul | |
ablative | pahalt | pahadelt pahult | |
translative | pahaks | pahadeks pahuks | |
terminative | pahani | pahadeni | |
essive | pahana | pahadena | |
abessive | pahata | pahadeta | |
comitative | pahaga | pahadega |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *paha.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝ɦɑ̝]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
- Syllabification(key): pa‧ha
Adjective
Declension
Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahojen | |
partitive | pahaa | pahoja | |
illative | pahaan | pahoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
accusative | nom. | paha | pahat |
gen. | pahan | ||
genitive | pahan | pahojen pahainrare | |
partitive | pahaa | pahoja | |
inessive | pahassa | pahoissa | |
elative | pahasta | pahoista | |
illative | pahaan | pahoihin | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalta | pahoilta | |
allative | pahalle | pahoille | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
translative | pahaksi | pahoiksi | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta | |
instructive | — | pahoin | |
comitative | — | pahoine |
Possessive forms of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms
- mielipaha
- pahaa-aavistamaton
- paha-aikeinen
- pahaenteinen
- pahahenki
- pahakaikuinen
- pahaluontoinen
- pahamaineinen
- pahanhajuinen
- pahanilkinen
- pahanilmanlintu
- pahankurinen
- pahanlaatuinen
- pahanluontoinen
- pahanmakuinen
- pahannäköinen
- pahanolontunne
- pahanpäiväinen
- pahansisuinen
- pahansuopa
- pahantahtoinen
- pahantapainen
- pahantekijä
- pahanteko
- pahantuulinen
- pahapuolukka
- pahaputki
- pahapäinen
- pahasuinen
- pahatapainen
- pahaääninen
- pahoillaan
- pahoin
- pahoinvoipa
- pahoinvoiva
Declension
Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | paha | — | ||
genitive | pahan | — | ||
partitive | pahaa | — | ||
illative | pahaan | — | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | paha | — | ||
accusative | nom. | paha | — | |
gen. | pahan | |||
genitive | pahan | — | ||
partitive | pahaa | — | ||
inessive | pahassa | — | ||
elative | pahasta | — | ||
illative | pahaan | — | ||
adessive | pahalla | — | ||
ablative | pahalta | — | ||
allative | pahalle | — | ||
essive | pahana | — | ||
translative | pahaksi | — | ||
abessive | pahatta | — | ||
instructive | — | — | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Further reading
- “paha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Guaraní
Hawaiian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
paha
- Used to indicate the conditional mood, expressed in English as perhaps, might, possibly
Usage notes
Follows the word it modifies.
Usage notes
The verb (and its modifying particles) go between ā and paha.
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpaha/
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
- Rhymes: -ha, -a
Noun
paha (first-person possessive pahaku, second-person possessive pahamu, third-person possessive pahanya)
Derived terms
- memaha
- sepaha
- paha belalang
Further reading
- “paha” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
Declension
Declension of paha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahat |
genitive | pahan | pahhoin |
partitive | pahhaa | pahoja |
illative | pahhaa | pahhoi |
inessive | pahas | pahois |
elative | pahast | pahoist |
allative | pahalle | pahoille |
adessive | pahal | pahoil |
ablative | pahalt | pahoilt |
translative | pahaks | pahoiks |
essive | pahanna, pahhaan | pahoinna, pahhoin |
exessive1) | pahant | pahoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Antonyms
Derived terms
See also
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 371
Karelian
North Karelian (Viena) |
paha |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
paha |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
Declension
Viena Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahojen | |
partitive | pahua | pahoja | |
illative | pahah | pahoih | |
inessive | pahašša | pahoissa | |
elative | pahašta | pahoista | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalta | pahoilta | |
translative | pahakši | pahoiksi | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
comitative | — | pahoineh | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta |
Tver Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahoin | |
partitive | pahua | pahoida | |
illative | pahah | pahoih | |
inessive | pahašša | pahoissa | |
elative | pahašta | pahoista | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalda | pahoilda | |
translative | pahakši | pahoiksi | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
comitative | pahanke | pahoinke | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta |
Possessive forms of paha | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | pahani | |
2nd person | pahaš | |
3rd person | pahah | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “paha”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
Livvi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
- Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
Declension
Declension of paha (Type 1/griba, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahat |
genitive | pahan | pahoin |
partitive | pahua | pahoi |
illative | pahah | pahoih |
inessive | pahas | pahois |
elative | pahaspäi | pahoispäi |
allative | pahale | pahoile |
adessive | pahal | pahoil |
ablative | pahalpäi | pahoilpäi |
translative | pahakse | pahoikse |
essive | pahannu | pahoinnu |
abessive | pahattah | pahoittah |
comitative | pahanke | pahoinke |
instructive | pahoin | |
prolative | pahači |
References
- Tatjana Boiko (2019) “paha”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 198
Malay
Alternative forms
- peha (common nonstandard spelling)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /paha/
- (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [pəhə]
- Rhymes: -aha, -ha, -a
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa. Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).
Noun
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
- thigh (upper leg)
- Paha ayam
- Chicken thigh
- Paha manusia
- Human thigh
Descendants
- Indonesian: paha
Noun
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
- (archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter
Noun
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
Further reading
- “paha” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.hɐ]
- Rhymes: -aha
- Syllabification: pa‧ha
Noun
paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.hɐ]
- Rhymes: -aha
- Syllabification: pa‧ha
References
- “paha”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish بها (baha, paha), from Persian بها (bahâ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /paˈha/
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | paha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | pahayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | paha | pahalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | pahayı | pahaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | pahaya | pahalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | pahada | pahalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | pahadan | pahalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | pahanın | pahaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms
- ne pahasına olursa olsun
- paha biçilmez
- paha biçmek
- pahalı
Further reading
- “paha”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “paha²”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3753
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha.
Inflection
Inflection of paha (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | paha | ||
genitive sing. | pahan | ||
partitive sing. | pahad | ||
partitive plur. | pahoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahad | |
accusative | pahan | pahad | |
genitive | pahan | pahoiden | |
partitive | pahad | pahoid | |
essive-instructive | pahan | pahoin | |
translative | pahaks | pahoikš | |
inessive | pahas | pahoiš | |
elative | pahaspäi | pahoišpäi | |
illative | pahaze | pahoiže | |
adessive | pahal | pahoil | |
ablative | pahalpäi | pahoilpäi | |
allative | pahale | pahoile | |
abessive | pahata | pahoita | |
comitative | pahanke | pahoidenke | |
prolative | pahadme | pahoidme | |
approximative I | pahanno | pahoidenno | |
approximative II | pahannoks | pahoidennoks | |
egressive | pahannopäi | pahoidennopäi | |
terminative I | pahazesai | pahoižesai | |
terminative II | pahalesai | pahoilesai | |
terminative III | pahassai | — | |
additive I | pahazepäi | pahoižepäi | |
additive II | pahalepäi | pahoilepäi |
Derived terms
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “вредный, гадкий, недобрый, отвратительный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *paha.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
Inflection
Declension of paha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahad |
genitive | paha | pahojõ, pahoi |
partitive | pahha | pahoitõ, pahoi |
illative | pahhasõ, pahha | pahoisõ |
inessive | pahaz | pahoiz |
elative | pahassõ | pahoissõ |
allative | pahalõ | pahoilõ |
adessive | pahallõ | pahoillõ |
ablative | pahaltõ | pahoiltõ |
translative | pahassi | pahoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “paha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn