suku
Aruop
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Ewe
Fataluku
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *suku.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsuku/, [ˈs̠uku]
- Rhymes: -uku
- Syllabification(key): su‧ku
Noun
suku
- extended family, kin (in addition to parents and children, includes cousins, uncles, aunts, grandparents and farther relatives)
- Coordinate term: perhe
- (taxonomy) genus
- (linguistics) gender
- (topology) Synonym of genus
Declension
Inflection of suku (Kotus type 1*M/valo, k-v gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | suku | suvut | ||
genitive | suvun | sukujen | ||
partitive | sukua | sukuja | ||
illative | sukuun | sukuihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | suku | suvut | ||
accusative | nom. | suku | suvut | |
gen. | suvun | |||
genitive | suvun | sukujen | ||
partitive | sukua | sukuja | ||
inessive | suvussa | suvuissa | ||
elative | suvusta | suvuista | ||
illative | sukuun | sukuihin | ||
adessive | suvulla | suvuilla | ||
ablative | suvulta | suvuilta | ||
allative | suvulle | suvuille | ||
essive | sukuna | sukuina | ||
translative | suvuksi | suvuiksi | ||
abessive | suvutta | suvuitta | ||
instructive | — | suvuin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of suku (Kotus type 1*M/valo, k-v gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
- aatelissuku
- alasuku
- alhaissukuinen
- en-suku
- feminiinisuku
- hallitsijasuku
- halpasukuinen
- ihmissuku
- kaksisukuinen
- kasvisuku
- keisarisuku
- kreivisuku
- kuningassuku
- lähisuku
- mahtisuku
- maskuliinisuku
- miessuku
- naissuku
- olutpanimosuku
- pappissuku
- ruhtinassuku
- sukuanamneesi
- sukuelin
- sukuhaara
- sukuhauta
- sukuhistoria
- sukuhormoni
- sukujuhla
- sukujuuret
- sukujuuri
- sukukalleus
- sukukansa
- sukukartano
- sukukieli
- sukukirja
- sukukokous
- sukukunta
- sukukypsä
- sukuluettelo
- sukunimi
- sukunäkö
- sukuoikeus
- sukuperä
- sukupolvi
- sukupuoli
- sukupuu
- sukupuutto
- sukurakas
- sukurasite
- sukurasitus
- sukuriita
- sukuromaani
- sukurutsa
- sukurutsaus
- sukuselvitys
- sukuseura
- sukusiitos
- sukusolu
- sukutalo
- sukutaulu
- sukutila
- sukututkija
- sukututkimus
- sukuvaakuna
- Sukuvaara
- sukuvietti
- sukuvika
- sukuyhteisö
- suomensukuinen
- suvunjatkaja
- suvunjatkamiskyky
- talonpoikaissuku
Collocations
- olla sukua ― to be related/kin to; (linguistics) to be cognate with (+ allative)
- olla omaa sukua ― to have a maiden name (of) (+ possessive suffix)
- Maija Meikäläinen on omaa sukuaan Mäkelä.
- Maija Meikäläinen has the maiden name Mäkelä.
- olla suvussa ― to run in the family
- kulkea suvussa ― to run in the family
Further reading
- “suku”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).[1]
- The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.
- The sense “footer” is a semantic loan from English footer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsuku]
- Hyphenation: su‧ku
Noun
suku (plural suku-suku, first-person possessive sukuku, second-person possessive sukumu, third-person possessive sukunya)
- (obsolete) leg, foot
- Synonym: kaki
- footer: a line of information printed at the bottom of a page as identification of the document.
- Synonyms: sukuan, catatan kaki
- part
- Synonym: bagian
- quarter: a fourth part of something.
- Synonym: seperempat
- half rupiah
- (arithmetic) numerator and denominator.
- clan: a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.
- Synonyms: suku sakat, klan
- ethnicity, ethnic group: a group of people who identify with one another, especially on the basis of ancestral, national, cultural, historical or religious grounds.
- Synonyms: etnis, suku bangsa
- (biology, taxonomy) family: a category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.
- Synonym: famili
- (mathematics) term: any value (variable or constant) or expression separated from another term by a space or an appropriate character, in an overall expression or table.
- (Jambi, Palembang) A traditional unit of gold weight, equal six point seven grams.
Derived terms
- bersuku
- bersuku-suku
- kesukuan
- persukuan
- sepersukuan
- sesuku
- suku bangsa
- suku buka
- suku bunga
- suku cadang
- suku dinas
- suku kalimat
- suku kata
- suku padang pasir
- suku pelengkap
- suku sakat
- suku tahun
- suku tertutup
Related terms
References
- Robert Blust (2017) “The Challenge of Semantic Reconstruction: Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku 'lineage; quarter'?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 56, number 1, , →ISSN, pages 247–256
Further reading
- “suku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsuku/, [ˈs̠uku]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsuku/, [ˈʃuɡ̊u]
- Rhymes: -uku
- Hyphenation: su‧ku
Declension
Declension of suku (type 4/koivu, k- gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | suku | suut |
genitive | suun | sukkuin, sukuloin |
partitive | sukkua | sukuja, sukuloja |
illative | sukkuu | sukkui, sukuloihe |
inessive | suus | suuis, sukulois |
elative | suust | suuist, sukuloist |
allative | suulle | suuille, sukuloille |
adessive | suul | suuil, sukuloil |
ablative | suult | suuilt, sukuloilt |
translative | suuks | suuiks, sukuloiks |
essive | sukunna, sukkuun | sukuinna, sukuloinna, sukkuin, sukuloin |
exessive1) | sukunt | sukuint, sukuloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547
Latvian
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su.ku/
- Rhymes: -u
Noun
suku (Jawi spelling سوکو, plural suku-suku, informal 1st possessive sukuku, 2nd possessive sukumu, 3rd possessive sukunya)
- quarter, fourth, 1⁄4 (mathematics)
- Sekarang satu suku. ― It's a quarter past one now.
- race; ethnicity
- Suku Jawa ― Javanese race
- (Negeri Sembilan) A traditional matrilineal clan under Adat Perpatih.
References
- “suku” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*suku”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Northeast Maidu
Etymology 2
Unclear. Possibly the same as Etymology 1, above.
See also
References
- Sabine Lang, Men as Women, Women as Men →ISBN, 2010): The data available for Maidu suku suggest that "suku" was a complex term that was used to refer to both male and female "berdaches"; [...] female-bodied suku [...] were treated as men and initiated as such into the men's secret society, but also [...] were subjected to gang rape (or voluntary intercourse) in the dance house by all of the men present and were regarded as "prostitutes."
- Serena Nanda, Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations (1999, →ISBN, page 24: In addition to occupation, female gender variants might assume other characteristics of men. Cocopa warrhameh wore a masculine hairstyle and had their noses pierced, like boys (Lang 1998:283). Among the Maidu, the female suku also had her nose pierced on the occasion of her initiation into the men's secret society. Mohave hwame were tattooed like men instead of women.
Sranan Tongo
Sundanese
Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsu.ku]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsu.ku]
Alternative forms
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tetum
Etymology 1
Unknown.
Trió
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *suku.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈsuku/, [ˈsuku]
- Rhymes: -uku
- Hyphenation: su‧ku
Inflection
Declension of suku (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | suku | sugud |
genitive | sugu | sukujõ, sukui |
partitive | sukkua | sukuitõ, sukui |
illative | sukkusõ, sukku | sukuisõ |
inessive | suguz | sukuiz |
elative | sugussõ | sukuissõ |
allative | sugulõ | sukuilõ |
adessive | sugullõ | sukuillõ |
ablative | sugultõ | sukuiltõ |
translative | sugussi | sukuissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suku”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [suku]
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “suku”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, pages 264–265
- Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “suku”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University
- Lauer, Matthew Taylor (2005) Fertility in Amazonia: Indigenous Concepts of the Human Reproductive Process Among the Ye’kwana of Southern Venezuela, Santa Barbara: University of California, page 217: “sucu”
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