cavar
Catalan
Pronunciation
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite caví, past participle cavat)
- to dig
Conjugation
infinitive | cavar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cavant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cavat | cavada | |||||
plural | cavats | cavades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cavo | caves | cava | cavem | caveu | caven | |
imperfect | cavava | cavaves | cavava | cavàvem | cavàveu | cavaven | |
future | cavaré | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavareu | cavaran | |
preterite | caví | cavares | cavà | cavàrem | cavàreu | cavaren | |
conditional | cavaria | cavaries | cavaria | cavaríem | cavaríeu | cavarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cavi | cavis | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin | |
imperfect | cavés | cavessis | cavés | cavéssim | cavéssiu | cavessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | cava | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin | |
negative (no) | — | no cavis | no cavi | no cavem | no caveu | no cavin |
Further reading
- “cavar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese cavar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cavāre, present active infinitive of cavō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈβaɾ/
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)
- to dig
- to hoe
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- You'll give each year four days of work in our farm of Piñeira, one day for digging, another for prunning, another for hoeing, another for weeding
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- to break up
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cavar | |||||
Personal | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren |
Gerund | ||||||
cavando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | cavado | cavados | ||||
Feminine | cavada | cavadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavades | cavan |
Imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavabamos | cavabades | cavaban |
Preterite | cavei | cavaches | cavou | cavamos | cavastes | cavaron |
Pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | cavaramos | cavarades | cavaran |
Future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaredes | cavarán |
Conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavariamos | cavariades | cavarían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | cavedes | caven |
Imperfect | cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavásedes | cavasen |
Future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cava | cave | cavemos | cavade | caven | |
Negative (non) | non caves | non cave | non cavemos | non cavedes | non caven |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
References
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cauar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cavar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “cavar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cavar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “cavar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Latin cavō, cavāre.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cavat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavèri | cavères | cavèt | cavèrem | cavèretz | cavèron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavariái | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cavat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavon | |
imperfect | cavave | cavaves | cavava | cavaviam | cavaviatz | cavavon | |
preterite | cavere | caveres | cavet | cavem | cavetz | caveron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
conditional | cavariá | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavassiam | cavassiatz | cavon | |
imperfect | cavesse | cavesses | cavesse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cava | cavassiam | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cavat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavèi | cavès | cavè | cavèm | cavètz | cavèn | |
future | cavarèi | cavaràs | cavarà | cavaram | cavaratz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavarí | cavarés | cavaré | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cavi | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cavat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavei | caveras | cavet | cavèram | cavèratz | caveran | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
conditional | cavariá | cavariàs | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cavat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
preterite | cavère | cavères | cavèt | caveriam | caveriatz | cavèron | |
future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
conditional | cavariáu | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | cavan | |
imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin cavāre.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /kaˈva(ʁ)/ [kaˈva(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /kaˈva(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /kaˈva(ʁ)/ [kaˈva(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /kaˈva(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐˈvaɾ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐˈbaɾ/ [kɐˈβaɾ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐˈva.ɾi/
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cavar | |||||
Personal | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
Gerund | ||||||
cavando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | cavado | cavados | ||||
Feminine | cavada | cavadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavais | cavam |
Imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavávamos | caváveis | cavavam |
Preterite | cavei | cavaste | cavou | cavamos1, cavámos2 | cavastes | cavaram |
Pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | caváreis | cavaram |
Future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavareis | cavarão |
Conditional | cavaria | cavarias | cavaria | cavaríamos | cavaríeis | cavariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | caveis | cavem |
Imperfect | cavasse | cavasses | cavasse | cavássemos | cavásseis | cavassem |
Future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cava | cave | cavemos | cavai | cavem | |
Negative (não) | não caves | não cave | não cavemos | não caveis | não cavem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈbaɾ/ [kaˈβ̞aɾ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ca‧var
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavé, past participle cavado)
Conjugation
infinitive | cavar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cavando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cavado | cavada | |||||
plural | cavados | cavadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cavo | cavastú cavásvos |
cava | cavamos | caváis | cavan | |
imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavábamos | cavabais | cavaban | |
preterite | cavé | cavaste | cavó | cavamos | cavasteis | cavaron | |
future | cavaré | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaréis | cavarán | |
conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavaríamos | cavaríais | cavarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cave | cavestú cavésvos2 |
cave | cavemos | cavéis | caven | |
imperfect (ra) |
cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | cavarais | cavaran | |
imperfect (se) |
cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavaseis | cavasen | |
future1 | cavare | cavares | cavare | caváremos | cavareis | cavaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cavatú cavávos |
cave | cavemos | cavad | caven | ||
negative | no caves | no cave | no cavemos | no cavéis | no caven |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive cavar | |||||||
dative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarle, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarles, cavarse | |
accusative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarlo, cavarla, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarlos, cavarlas, cavarse | |
with gerund cavando | |||||||
dative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándole, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándoles, cavándose | |
accusative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándolo, cavándola, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándolos, cavándolas, cavándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cava | |||||||
dative | cávame | cávate | cávale | cávanos | not used | cávales | |
accusative | cávame | cávate | cávalo, cávala | cávanos | not used | cávalos, cávalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cavá | |||||||
dative | cavame | cavate | cavale | cavanos | not used | cavales | |
accusative | cavame | cavate | cavalo, cavala | cavanos | not used | cavalos, cavalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative cave | |||||||
dative | cáveme | not used | cávele, cávese | cávenos | not used | cáveles | |
accusative | cáveme | not used | cávelo, cávela, cávese | cávenos | not used | cávelos, cávelas | |
with first-person plural imperative cavemos | |||||||
dative | not used | cavémoste | cavémosle | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémosles | |
accusative | not used | cavémoste | cavémoslo, cavémosla | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémoslos, cavémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative cavad | |||||||
dative | cavadme | not used | cavadle | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadles | |
accusative | cavadme | not used | cavadlo, cavadla | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadlos, cavadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative caven | |||||||
dative | cávenme | not used | cávenle | cávennos | not used | cávenles, cávense | |
accusative | cávenme | not used | cávenlo, cávenla | cávennos | not used | cávenlos, cávenlas, cávense |
Further reading
- “cavar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | cavar | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | cavando | |||
past participle | cavà | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | cavo | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavòn | cavé | (i/łe) cava |
imperfect | cavava | (te) cavavi | (el/ła) cavava | cavàvimo | cavavi | (i/łe) cavava |
future | cavarò | (te) cavarè | (el/ła) cavarà | cavarémo | cavarè | (i/łe) cavarà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | cavarìa | (te) cavarisi | (el/ła) cavarìa | cavarìsimo | cavarisi | (i/łe) cavarìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | cave, cava | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cave, (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavone | cavé | (i/łe) cave, (i/łe) cava |
imperfect | cavase | (te) cavasi | (el/ła) cavase | cavàsimo | cavasi | (i/łe) cavase |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) cava | (el/ła) cava, (el/ła) cave | cavémo | cavé | (i/łe) cava, (i/łe) cave |
Related terms
- escavar, scavar