bos
Translingual
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch bos, from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɔs/
Audio (file)
Noun
bos (plural bosse, diminutive bossie)
Derived terms
- bosbedryf
- bosbeheer
- bosbestuur
- bosbewaring
- bosbewoner
- boskraai
- bosveld
- boswagter
- boswerker
- kankerbos
Cornish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (RMC) IPA(key): /ˈbɔːz/
- (RLC) IPA(key): (verbal noun) /ˈboːz/, (long forms, e.g. ero'ma, ere'vy) /ˈɛrɐ/, (preterite) /ˈbiː/
Verb
bos
- to be
- (Revived Late Cornish, future, preterite or conditional tenses) to have; to get
- My a veu own.
- I was frightened.
- (literally, “I had fright.”)
- Nei via pris da rag an hern.
- We would get a good price for the pilchards.
- Termyn aral hwei vedh moy.
- Another time you will have more.
Conjugation
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | ||||||||
Present (short) | Present (long) | Future- Habitual | Imperfect (short) | Imperfect (long) | Preterite | Conditional | Present- future | Imperfect | ||
1s | ov vy, oma | esof vy, eroma | bedhaf vy | en vy | esen vy, eren vy | beuv vy | bien vy | biv vy, byma | ben vy | - |
2s | os jy, osta | esos jy, esta | bedhyth jy, bedhys jy | es jy | eses jy, eres jy | beus jy, beusta | bies jy | by jy, bosta | bes jy, besta | bëdh, bÿdh |
3s | yw ev, ywa | yma ev, usy ev, eus | bëdh ev, bÿdh ev | o ev | esa ev, eja ev, era ev | beu ev | bia ev | bo ev | be ev | bedhes |
1p | on ny | eson ny, eron ny | bedhyn ny | en ny | esen ny, eren ny | beun ny | bien ny | bon ny | ben ny | bedhyn |
2p | owgh why | esowgh, erowgh why | bedhowgh why | ewgh why | esewgh why, erewgh why | bewgh why | biewgh why | bowgh why | bewgh why | bedhowgh |
3p | yns y | ymowns y, ymôns y, usons y | bedhons y | êns y | esens y, erens y | bowns y | biens y | bowns y | bêns y | bedhens |
Present participle: ow pos, ow pones |
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | ||||||||
Present (short) | Present (long) | Future- Habitual | Imperfect (short) | Imperfect (long) | Preterite | Conditional | Present- future | Imperfect | ||
1s | ov vy, o'ma | esov vy | bydhav vy | en vy | esen vy | beuv vy | bien vy | biv vy, bon vy | ben vy | - |
2s | os jy, os ta | esos jy, es ta | bydhydh jy | es jy | eses jy | beus jy | bies jy | bi jy, bos jy | bes jy | bydh |
3s | yw ev | yma ev, usi ev, eus | bydh ev | o ev | esa ev | beu ev | bia ev | bo ev | be ev | bedhes |
1p | on ni | eson ni | bydhyn ni | en ni | esen ni | beun ni | bien ni | byn ni, bon ni | ben ni | bedhyn |
2p | owgh hwi | esowgh hwi | bydhowgh hwi | ewgh hwi | esewgh hwi | bewgh hwi | biewgh hwi | bowgh hwi | bewgh hwi | bedhowgh |
3p | yns i | ymons i, usons i | bydhons i | ens i | esens i | bons i | biens i | bons i | bens i | bedhens |
0 | or | eder | bedher | os | eses | beus | bies | ber | bes | - |
Present participle: ow pos Verbal adjective: (not used) |
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | ||||||||
Present (short) | Present (long) | Future- Habitual | Imperfect (short)1 | Imperfect (long)1 | Preterite | Conditional | Present- future | Imperfect2 | ||
1s | om, o'ma, o'vy | erom, ero'ma, ero'vy | bedham, bedha'ma, bedha'vy | om, o'ma, o'vy | ere'vy | beu'ma, beu'vy | biem, bie'vy | bon, bo'ma, bo'vy | be'vy | - |
2s | os, o'chy, os ta | ero'chy, es'ta | bedhys, bedhys ta | os, o'chy, os ta | ere'chy, es'ta | beus ta, beu'chy | bies, bie'chy | bos, bo'ta, bo'chy | bes, bes ta | bedh |
3s | ew, ewa (m.) | ma, eus, uji | bedh, bedha (m.) | o | era | beu | bia | bo | be | bedhes, bedhens |
1p | on, o'nei | ero'nei | bedhyn | o'nei | ere'nei | beu'nei | bie'nei | bon, bo'nei | ben, be'nei | bedhyn |
2p | o'hwei | ero'hwei | bedho'hwei | o'hwei | ere'hwei | bo'hwei, bew', be'hwei | bie'hwi | bow', bo'hwi | bew', bew'hwei | bedhow', bedhew' |
3p | ens, en'jei | mons, mon'jei, ma jei, ujons, ujon'jei | bedhons, bedh anjei | o'njei, o anjei | eren'jei, era anjei | bon'jei, beu anjei | biens, bia anjei | bons, bo anjei | bens, be anjei | bedhens |
0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Present participle: o pos Verbal adjective: (not used) |
2 The imperfect subjunctive has been replaced by the present-future subjunctive. Words such as mar (“if”) that trigger the imperfect subjunctive are used with other tenses:
• (present): mar th'ew da genow' gosowes "if you like to listen"
• (conditional): mar kressa an den gweles "if the man saw"
Orthography note: The apologetic apostrophe is used in Standard Written Form to indicate a contraction or a dropped consonant, but in practice is either dropped or replaced with a space — although usually not after th (“preverbal particle used to mark affirmative verb in a main clause”).
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbos]
Derived terms
- na boso
Related terms
Dalmatian
Etymology 2
Unknown.
Danish
Dutch
Alternative forms
- bosch (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɔs/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: bos
- Rhymes: -ɔs
Noun
bos n (plural bossen, diminutive bosje n)
- wood, forest
- Zij ging wandelen in de bossen.
- She went walking in the woods.
- (Suriname) jungle, tropical rainforest
Noun
Derived terms
- bebossen
- biesbos
- bos hout voor de deur
- bosbedrijf
- bosbeheer
- bosbes
- bosbewaring
- bosbewoner
- bosbouw
- bosbrand
- boshoen
- boskoe
- bosloos
- bosmier
- bospaardenstaart
- bospolitie
- bosrietzanger
- bosruiter
- bosspitsmuis
- bosui
- bosuil
- bosvogel
- boswachter
- dennenbos
- door de bomen het bos niet meer zien
- geriefbos
- herbebossen
- loofbos
- miltvuurbos
- naaldbos
- oerbos
- ontbossen
- ooibos
- pestbos
- rabattenbos
- rooibos
- schaambos
- takkenbos
-in Dutch toponyms:
- Adriaan Tripbos
- Ballastplaatbos
- Bedumerbos
- Beijumerbos
- Bellingwolderbos
- Beusebos
- Bevrijdingsbos
- Blijhamsterbos
- Corversbos
- Diemerbos
- Dingebos
- Donkere Bos
- Dr. Hommesbos
- Drevenbos
- Formerumerbos
- Haarsterbos
- Hollumerbos
- Hoornerbos
- Horstenerbos
- Huisweersterbos
- Kweekbos
- Kwelbos
- Lauwersoogbos
- Marnebos
- Meebos
- Middelstumerbos
- Nanninga's Bos
- Nesserbos
- Nieuwe Schanskerbos
- Noordlaarderbos
- Oostbos
- Pekelder Bos
- Quintusbos
- Roelagerbos
- Scharlakenbos
- Schinkelbos
- Steendamsterbos
- Telegraafbos
- Tempelbos
- Ten Boersterbos
- Vierhuizerbos
- Vledderbos
- Vlinderbalgbos
- W.H. Vliegenbos
- Wagenborgerbos
- Warffumerbos
- Winschoterbos
- Zuidwalbos
Descendants
- Afrikaans: bos
- Berbice Creole Dutch: bosi
- Negerhollands: boesch, bosch
- → Aukan: bosu
- → Caribbean Javanese: bos (bunch, bundle)
- → English: bush
- →? Guyanese Creole English: bush
- → Indonesian: bos
- → Papiamentu: bòshi, bosji (from the diminutive)
- → Sranan Tongo: bosu (bunch, bundle)
- → Sranan Tongo: busi (forest)
Friulian
Etymology
From Latin buxus, from Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos).
Galician
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portuguese vos. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɔs]
- Hyphenation: bos
Etymology 1
From Dutch bos (“cluster, bunch”), from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.
Noun
bos (first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)
Etymology 2
From English boss, from Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô, masculine form of Proto-Germanic *baswǭ (“father's sister, aunt, cousin”). Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”) > Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”) > German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Doublet of bas.
Noun
bos (plural bos-bos, first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)
Further reading
- “bos” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish bas, bos (“palm”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).
Noun
Declension
Derived terms
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bos | bhos | mbos |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Kristang
Etymology
From Portuguese vós (“ye”), from Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs (“ye”).
See also
Kristang personal pronouns (edit) | ||
---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Plural |
First | yo | nus |
Second | bos | bolotu |
Third | eli | olotu |
References
- 2010, Ladislav Prištic, Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa, Masaryk University, page 26.
Ladino
Latin
Etymology
Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.
Most likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /boːs/, [boːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bos/, [bɔs]
Noun
bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (irregular).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | bōs | bovēs |
Genitive | bovis | boum bovum boverum |
Dative | bovī | bōbus būbus bovibus |
Accusative | bovem | bovēs |
Ablative | bove bovīd |
bōbus būbus bovibus |
Vocative | bōs | bovēs |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkan-Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Borrowings:
- → Esperanto: bovo
- → Interlingue: bo
References
- “bōs” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bōs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
Further reading
- “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- bos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “On Latin bōs”, in laohutiger.wordpress.com, 2012 January 2, retrieved 2021-06-16
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /boːs/
Noun
bos n (definite singular boset, uncountable)
Further reading
- “bos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *bansaz (“stall”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”). Cognates include Old English *bōs, Old Saxon *bōs and Old Norse báss.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈboːs/
Descendants
- Saterland Frisian: Buus
- West Frisian: bús
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Romanian
Sardinian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbos/
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bôːs/
Declension
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | bos | bosa | boso | |
genitive | bosa | bose | bosa | |
dative | bosu | bosoj | bosu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
bos bosa |
bosu | boso |
vocative | bos | bosa | boso | |
locative | bosu | bosoj | bosu | |
instrumental | bosim | bosom | bosim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bosi | bose | bosa | |
genitive | bosih | bosih | bosih | |
dative | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | |
accusative | bose | bose | bosa | |
vocative | bosi | bose | bosa | |
locative | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | |
instrumental | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | bosi | bosa | boso | |
genitive | bosog(a) | bose | bosog(a) | |
dative | bosom(u/e) | bosoj | bosom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
bosi bosog(a) |
bosu | boso |
vocative | bosi | bosa | boso | |
locative | bosom(e/u) | bosoj | bosom(e/u) | |
instrumental | bosim | bosom | bosim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bosi | bose | bosa | |
genitive | bosih | bosih | bosih | |
dative | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | |
accusative | bose | bose | bosa | |
vocative | bosi | bose | bosa | |
locative | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | |
instrumental | bosim(a) | bosim(a) | bosim(a) |
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bóːs/, /bɔ́s/
Inflection
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | bós | bósa | bóso |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bós ind bósi def |
bósa | bóso |
genitive | bósega | bóse | bósega |
dative | bósemu | bósi | bósemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
bóso | bóso |
locative | bósem | bósi | bósem |
instrumental | bósim | bóso | bósim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bósa | bósi | bósi |
genitive | bósih | bósih | bósih |
dative | bósima | bósima | bósima |
accusative | bósa | bósi | bósi |
locative | bósih | bósih | bósih |
instrumental | bósima | bósima | bósima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bósi | bóse | bósa |
genitive | bósih | bósih | bósih |
dative | bósim | bósim | bósim |
accusative | bóse | bóse | bósa |
locative | bósih | bósih | bósih |
instrumental | bósimi | bósimi | bósimi |
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | bòs | bôsa | bôso |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bòs ind bôsi def |
bôsa | bôso |
genitive | bôsega | bôse | bôsega |
dative | bôsemu | bôsi | bôsemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
bôso | bôso |
locative | bôsem | bôsi | bôsem |
instrumental | bôsim | bôso | bôsim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bôsa | bôsi | bôsi |
genitive | bôsih | bôsih | bôsih |
dative | bôsima | bôsima | bôsima |
accusative | bôsa | bôsi | bôsi |
locative | bôsih | bôsih | bôsih |
instrumental | bôsima | bôsima | bôsima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | bôsi | bôse | bôsa |
genitive | bôsih | bôsih | bôsih |
dative | bôsim | bôsim | bôsim |
accusative | bôse | bôse | bôsa |
locative | bôsih | bôsih | bôsih |
instrumental | bôsimi | bôsimi | bôsimi |
Further reading
- “bos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Synonyms
Anagrams
Tagalog
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbos/ [ˈbos]
- Rhymes: -os
- Syllabification: bos
Noun
bos (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜐ᜔) (colloquial)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “boss”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tok Pisin
Noun
bos
- boss, overseer, master
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:26:
- Bihain God i tok olsem, “Nau yumi wokim ol manmeri bai ol i kamap olsem yumi yet. Bai yumi putim ol i stap bos bilong ol pis na ol pisin na bilong olgeta kain animal na bilong olgeta samting bilong graun.”