< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root 1

*bʰeg-[1][2][3][4]

  1. to break
    Synonyms: *bʰreg-, *bʰrew-, *bʰrews-, *Hrewp-, *kelh₂-, *h₃lem-, *lewǵ-, *(s)kep-, *weh₂ǵ-, *wreh₁ǵ-

Alternative forms
  • *bʰeng-

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeg- (break)‎ (14 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰég-e-ti (thematic root present)[2]
    • Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)[5]
      • Old Irish: do·beig
  • *bʰég-t ~ *bʰg-ént (athematic root aorist)[2]
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)
  • *bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infix present)[2][6][7]
    • Armenian:
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: bengiú, beñgti (“to break up”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei[8]
      • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei[9]
        • Latvian: bèigt
        • Lithuanian: beĩgti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti
  • *bʰég-n̥to- ~ *bʰg-n̥to-[10]
    • Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte
      • Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)
      • Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)
  • *bʰog-o-[5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-
      • Middle Welsh: di-fo, diuo (“destroying”)
  • *bʰog-smn̥[1]
    • Proto-Celtic: *boxsman
      • Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)
  • *bʰog-tós[5][11]
    • Proto-Celtic: *boxtos
      • Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás (or from *bʰeh₂g-) (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰog-yo-s[5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *bogyos
      • Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną (see there for further descendants)
    • Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-
      • Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-[11]
        • (perhaps) Khotanese: bajsīha- (“mortar”)
        • Persian: سونجه (sunje), [script needed] (vsönǰ-), [script needed] (sönǰ-, “to tear, break”) (Tār dialect)

Root 2

*bʰeg-

  1. to bend, curve, arch ?
  2. to billow, swell
  3. a body of water: river ~ marsh, bog ?

Alternative forms
  • *bʰeng-

Synonyms

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeg- (bend)‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infixed present)
    • ⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root) (back-formed)
      • ⇒? *bʰong-éh₂[12] (unless from the sense “to break” above[13])
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ
          • Latvian: bañga, buôga (“multitude, crowd, grove; downpour, cloud”)
          • Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)
      • ⇒ *bʰong-i-s
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”)[note 1] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *bʰong-ō
      • ⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”)[note 1] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰog-i-s
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰog-o-m
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰóg-ō ~ *bʰg-né-s
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô
      • >? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] (“swamp, bog, marsh”)
      • >? Lithuanian: bognà
      • Proto-Slavic: *bagnò (see there for further descendants)

Notes
  1. Alternatively from *bʰenǵʰ- (“to swell, be thick”), with devoicing in the Germanic oblique n-stems from *gn to *kk via Kluge's law, followed by degemination.

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bheg-, bheng-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 114-115
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66-67
  3. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeg-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 6
  4. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeg-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
  6. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “bekanem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 174-175
  7. Derksen, Rick (2015) “bengti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 86-87
  8. Derksen, Rick (2015) “baigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
  9. Derksen, Rick (2015) “beigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
  10. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pkante*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 439
  11. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 3-4
  12. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bankan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
  13. Derksen, Rick (2015) “banga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
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