Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bagno

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*bagъno

Etymology

Cognate with Lithuanian bognà (“swamp”), either borrowed from Slavic[1] or possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bōgnás (as per Miklošič, Holub-Kopečný). Perhaps equivalent to *bagťi (“to ignite, to instigate”) +‎ *-no, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g- (“to bake”). Proposed explanations:

Brückner, Mladenov, Sławski: In association with the vibrant, auburn coloration of (some) marshes. Parallel to likely cognate Proto-Slavic *bagrъ (“hue”), whence Ukrainian багри́на (bahrýna, “swamp”), Slovak bahurina (“wetland”).
Machek: In reference to the stagnant water in marshes. Similar to Latin stāgnum (“standing water, pond”).
Kott: In reference to the odour of decaying vegetation in swamps and marshes, as in Czech bahnina (“marshy, peat odor”).
Georgiev: Presumably generalized from an earlier meaning “hot spring”, indirectly attested in toponyms Bulgarian Банкя (Bankja), Багнище (Bagnište). Compare analogous toponym Thracian Γέρμων (Gérmon, “German”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to burn”)).

Derksen alternatively considers a substrate origin (from Pre-Slavic *bʰogʰ-), akin to Dutch bagger (“mud, filth”).

Classically compared with Proto-Germanic *bakiz (“beck, brook”) (alternatively reconstructed as *bakkiz, as in Old Norse bekkr, possibly a i-stem derivative of hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *bʰógʷr̥ (“running water”)). Usually dismissed since Slavic data points towards a standing body of water.

Noun

*bagnò n[1]

marsh, swamp, bog
Synonyms: *bolto, *topь, *tręsina
peat, mud, silt
Synonyms: *kaľuga, *gręzь

Alternative forms

*bagňa (ja-stem)

Declension

Declension of *bāgnò (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bāgnò	*bãgně	*bāgnà
genitive	*bāgnà	*bāgnù	*bãgnъ
dative	*bāgnù	*bāgnòma	*bāgnòmъ
accusative	*bāgnò	*bãgně	*bāgnà
instrumental	bāgnъ̀mь, bāgnòmь^*	*bāgnòma	*bãgny
locative	*bāgně̀	*bāgnù	*bãgněxъ
vocative	*bāgnò	*bãgně	*bāgnà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*bagnišče (augmentative)
*bagnina, *bagnьje (“wetland”)
*bagňakъ (“turf, peat”)
*bagnьnъ *bagnistъ (“swampy”)

Related terms

*bagnъ (“type of aquatic vegetation”)
- *bagnъka, *bagnьcь (variants)
*bagrъ (“purple”)
*bagy (“wetland”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: багъно (bagŭno, “peat”)
  - Old Ruthenian: багно (bahno)
    - Belarusian: ба́гна (báhna)
    - Ukrainian: багно (bahno)
  - Russian: багно́ (bagnó) (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: bahno
  - Czech: bahno
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): behno
- Kashubian: bagno
- Polabian: bógnö
- Old Polish: bagno
  - Polish: bagno
- Slovak: bahno
- Slovincian: bagnô
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: bahno
  - Lower Sorbian: bagno

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bagnò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 33: “n. o (b?) ‘marsh’”

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[Derksen-1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bagnò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 33: “n. o (b?) ‘marsh’”