蘭

See also: 兰
蘭 U+862D, 蘭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-862D
← 蘬
[U+862C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蘮 →
[U+862E]

蘭 U+F91F, 蘭
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91F
← 爛
[U+F91E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 鸞 →
[U+F920]

Translingual

Han character

蘭 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+17 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+16 in Japanese, 21 strokes in Chinese in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 21 strokes in Korean, 19 strokes in Japanese, 20 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿日弓田 (TANW), four-corner 44227, composition ⿱艹闌(GHTK) or ⿱艹䦨(J))

Derived characters

References

Chinese
trad. 蘭
simp. 兰*
nonstandard simp. 𬞕

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 蘭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘭 *ɡ·raːn
攔 *ɡ·raːn
欄 *ɡ·raːn
瀾 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌 *ɡ·raːn
韊 *ɡ·raːn
幱 *ɡ·raːn
籣 *ɡ·raːn
躝 *ɡ·raːn
爛 *ɡ·raːns
爤 *ɡ·raːns
鑭 *ɡ·raːns
糷 *ɡ·raːns
斕 *ɡ·reːn
揀 *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬 *kreːnʔ
暕 *kreːnʔ
諫 *kraːns
練 *ɡ·reːns
鍊 *ɡ·reːns
煉 *ɡ·reːns
楝 *ɡ·reːns
萰 *ɡ·reːns
堜 *ɡ·reːns
湅 *ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落干切
Baxter lan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lan/
Li
Rong		 /lɑn/
Wang
Li		 /lɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 laan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.rˁan/
English orchid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
No. 6119
Phonetic
component		 柬
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蘭
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːn/

Definitions

蘭

  1. orchid, especially cymbidium
  2. Eupatorium fortunei
  3. (in compounds) A plant that is fragrant or shares morphological similarities with orchids or Eupatorium fortunei
    米仔蘭／米仔兰  ―  mǐzǐlán  ―  Aglaia odorata
    木蘭／木兰  ―  mùlán  ―  Magnolia liliiflora
    吊蘭／吊兰  ―  diàolán  ―  Chlorophytum comosum
    蟹爪蘭／蟹爪兰  ―  xièzhǎolán  ―  Schlumbergera truncata
  4. elegant; graceful
  5. Short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”).
  6. a surname
  7. Used in transcription. Often used for -land in foreign place names.
    愛爾蘭／爱尔兰  ―  Ài'ěrlán  ―  Ireland

Compounds

Japanese
Shinjitai 蘭
Kyūjitai
[1]
蘭
&#xF91F;
or
蘭+&#xFE00;?
蘭󠄁
蘭+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
蘭󠄄
蘭+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
蘭󠄃
蘭+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
蘭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 蘭)

  1. Eupatorium fortunei
  2. orchid
  3. aromatic, fragrant
  4. government office that handles documents
  5. kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit
  6. Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
蘭
らん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蘭 (MC lan).

Compare modern Mandarin 蘭／兰 (lán).

Pronunciation

Noun

蘭(らん) or 蘭(ラン) • (ran) 

  1. an orchid
  2. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves
  3. (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • ラン科(か) (Ran-ka)
  • 蘭葉(ランヨウ)葵(アオイ) (ran'yōaoi)
  • 柿蘭(カキラン) (kakiran)
  • 鴎(カモメ)蘭(ラン) (kamomeran)
  • 君(クン)子(シ)蘭(ラン) (kunshiran)
  • 沢蘭(サワラン) (sawaran)
  • 紫(シ)蘭(ラン) (shiran)
  • 鈴蘭(スズラン) (suzuran)
  • 葉(ハ)蘭(ラン) (haran)
  • 藪蘭(ヤブラン) (yaburan)
  • 竜(リュウ)舌(ゼツ)蘭(ラン) (ryūzetsuran)

Proper noun

蘭(らん) • (Ran) 

  1. Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
蘭
らに
Jinmeiyō
irregular

/ran/ → /rani/

Shift from ran above.

Compare 縁 (en → eni, “destiny, fate”) and 銭 (zen → zeni, “coin”), with similar shifts.

Noun

蘭(らに) • (rani) 

  1. (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
蘭
あららぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[3]

Any further derivation is unclear. Speculative possibilities include:

  • The initial ara- may be cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough; wild”). The final -ragi is unknown, however.
  • Alternatively, the initial arara- may be cognate with 荒らか (araraka, “rough; wild”). The final -gi may be cognate with 木 (ki, “tree”), perhaps in reference to the way the plant's stalk rises straight and tall.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) あららぎ [àrárágí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ɾa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

蘭(あららぎ) or 蘭(アララギ) • (araragi) 

  1. Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew
  2. (archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion
Derived terms

Proper noun

蘭(あららぎ) • (Araragi) 

  1. a surname

References
  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1870 (paper), page 987 (digital)
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

蘭 (eumhun 란초 란 (rancho ran), South Korea 란초 난 (rancho nan))

  1. Hanja form? of 란 (“orchid”).

蘭 (eumhun 난초 란 (nancho ran), South Korea 난초 난 (nancho nan))

  1. Hanja form? of 난 (“orchid (South Korea)”).

Vietnamese

Han character

蘭: Hán Nôm readings: lan, lơn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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