U+809A, 肚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-809A

[U+8099]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+809B]

Translingual

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 130, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月土 (BG), four-corner 74210, composition (GJK) or (HT))

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29270
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+809A

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology

A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (mouth; beak; food; stomach), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, stomach; belly) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (belly) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (stomach), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign in some words (Schuessler, 2007).

Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant.

  • In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading.
  • In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading.
  • Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading.
  • Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading.

Pronunciation 1


Note: 5tu (Shanghainese), 3tou (Suzhounese) - only in reference to edible animal stomachs.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肚 (大子)
Mandarin Beijing /tu⁵¹/
Harbin /tu⁵³/
Tianjin /tu⁵³/
Jinan /tu²¹/
Qingdao /tu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tu³¹²/
Xi'an /tu⁴⁴/
Xining /tv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /tu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu⁴²/
Chengdu /tu¹³/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu²¹²/
Nanjing /tu⁴⁴/
Hefei /tu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tu³⁵/
Hohhot /tu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /du²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /du¹³/
Wenzhou /døy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tu³⁵/
Tunxi /təu²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁴¹/ 大~子
/təu¹¹/ ~臍眼
Xiangtan /dəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹/ ~皮
Hakka Meixian /tu³¹/
Taoyuan /tu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰou²³/
Nanning /tʰu²⁴/
Hong Kong /tʰou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ⁵³/ 腹~
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pu²⁴/ 訓讀腹
Shantou (Teochew) /tou⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɔu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (7)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter duX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/duoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dɔX/
Li
Rong
/doX/
Wang
Li
/duX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ duX ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-tˁaʔ/
English belly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12504
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'aːʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. belly; abdomen; bowels
          abdomen; belly
  2. bulge; protrusion
  3. (Southern Min, Eastern Min) tripe; animal stomach (as food)
  4. heart; mind
Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肚 (炒魚)
Mandarin Beijing /tu²¹⁴/
Harbin /tu²¹³/
Tianjin /tu¹³/
Jinan /tu⁵⁵/
Qingdao /tu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tu⁵³/
Xi'an /tu⁵³/
Xining /tv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /tu⁵³/
Lanzhou /tu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /tu⁵¹/
Wuhan /təu⁴²/
Chengdu /tu⁵³/
Guiyang /tu⁴²/
Kunming /tu⁵³/
Nanjing /tu²¹²/
Hefei /tu²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁵³/
Pingyao /tu⁵³/
Hohhot /tu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tu³⁵/
Suzhou /təu⁵¹/
Hangzhou /tu⁵³/
Wenzhou /tøy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tu³⁵/
Tunxi /təu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /təɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tu³¹/
Taoyuan /tu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰou²³/
Nanning /tʰu²⁴/
Hong Kong /tʰou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ²²/ 魚~
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tou³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɔu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (5)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/toX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tɔX/
Li
Rong
/toX/
Wang
Li
/tuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁaʔ/
English belly, stomach

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12498
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔl'aːʔ/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete or Southern Min) belly; abdomen
    [Hokkien]   pak-tó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   abdomen; belly
  2. tripe; animal stomach (as food)
       niú   tripe (cow stomach)
  3. (Southern Min) bulge; protrusion
    跤後跤后 [Hokkien]   kha-āu-tó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   calf of the leg

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

  • ()(だつ) (zudatsu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC duX|tuX).

Affix

() • (to) 

  1. abdomen, belly
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
はら
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry:

(The following entry is uncreated: .)

Korean

Hanja

• (du) (hangeul , revised du, McCuneReischauer tu, Yale twu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: đỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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