See also:
U+79AA, 禪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AA

[U+79A9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+79AB]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Han character

(Kangxi radical 113, +12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口口十 (IFRRJ), four-corner 36256, composition )

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 846, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+79AA

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic + phonetic (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Etymology

Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, dhyana).

Pronunciation 1


Note: sim4 - from dissimilation of initial and coda. Compare .
Note:
  • siân - literary;
  • sîⁿ - vernacular.
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: siam5 / siêng5 / siang5
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâm / siêng / siâng
        • Sinological IPA (key): /siam⁵⁵/, /sieŋ⁵⁵/, /siaŋ⁵⁵/
    Note:
    • siêng5 - Chaozhou;
    • siang5 - Shantou, Chenghai.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6zoe
          • MiniDict: zoe
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zoe
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (25)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑian/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛn/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sin4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 2031
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djan/

Definitions

  1. (Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
  2. Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings
  3. relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ぜん) (zen) (see there for further descendants)
  • Korean: 선(禪) (seon)
  • Vietnamese: thiền ()

Pronunciation 2


Note: siang6 - Chenghai.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 6zoe
      • MiniDict: zoe
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zoe
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (25)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑianH/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛnH/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sin6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyenH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ar-s/
English hand over to another

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 2036
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djans/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature
    See also:
  2. to abdicate and pass the throne to someone
  3. to succeed; to replace

Compounds

Pronunciation 3


Definitions

  1. name of an ancient state

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation

Readings

Korean

Hanja

• (seon) (hangeul , revised seon, McCuneReischauer sŏn, Yale sen)

  1. Zen

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: thiền, thiện, thuyền, xèng

  1. Dhyana
  2. Zen Buddhism
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