斬

See also: 斩 and 䡊

斬	U+65AC, 斬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65AC

← 斫
[U+65AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

断 →
[U+65AD]

Translingual

Han character

斬 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹一中 (JJHML), four-corner 5202₁, composition ⿰車斤)

Derived characters

嶃慚(惭) 摲(𰓼) 漸獑(𰡔) 䁪(𥇢) 螹(𰳂) 鏩䱿嶄(崭) 蔪(𰱑) 塹(堑) 㜞(𰌆) 㟻慙㨻(𪮃) 暫(暂) 槧(椠) 磛覱䟅蹔(𫏐) 鏨(錾) 䭕(𬲕) 䳻
𠌲𠼗(𫪚) 𡐛𣊙𤍖(𬊗) 𥕌𦗝𧴃𬧋𩞏𧽯(𫎸) 𮅼𭄇𠼃𢄤𬆉(𬆂) 𦗚𧐮𩀧𩈻𩴕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13555

Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2024, character 10

Unihan data for U+65AC

Chinese

trad.		斬
simp.		斩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǎn (zhan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaam²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zam²
Gan (Wiktionary): zan³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chám

(Meixian, Guangdong): zam³
Northern Min (KCR): cǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): cāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chám / cháⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): zam²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tse
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎn
  - Wade–Giles: chan³
  - Yale: jǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaan
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaam²
  - Yale: jáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chám
  - Hakka Romanization System: zam`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zam³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zam³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chám / cháⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsám / tsánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zarm, zvar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴¹/, /t͡sã⁴¹/

Note:

chám - literary;
cháⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tse
  - MiniDict: tse^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tse
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 斬
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡san¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡sã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡san⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡san⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡san⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡san⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂã̠⁵³³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sɑŋ⁵³/ /t͡sɑ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡se̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡san⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡san⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡san²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sam³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sam³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛm³⁵/ /t͡sam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡saŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡saŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰam⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tam²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsreamX

Rime
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側減切
Baxter	tsreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨm^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ramʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛm^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ramʔ/
English	cut off
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
No.	16796
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	斬
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːmʔ/

Definitions

斬

to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully)
斬叉燒、斬雞 [Cantonese, trad.]
斩叉烧、斩鸡 [Cantonese, simp.]
zaam² caa¹ siu¹, zaam² gai¹ [Jyutping]
to cut char siu; to cut chicken

斬樹／斩树 [Cantonese] ― zaam² syu⁶ [Jyutping] ― to fell a tree

斬死人／斩死人 [Cantonese] ― zaam² sei² jan⁴ [Jyutping] ― to hack a person to death
to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist
a surname: Zhan

Synonyms

(to cut):

Dialectal synonyms of 砍 (“to chop; to hack”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		砍
Mandarin	Beijing	砍
	Taiwan	砍
	Jinan	砍
	Xi'an	砍
	Wuhan	砍, 剁
	Chengdu	砍
	Guilin	砍
	Yangzhou	砍, 㓠
	Hefei	砍
	Singapore	砍, 斬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	斬
	Hong Kong	斬
	Yangjiang	并
	Beihai	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	斬
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	斬
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	斬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	斬
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	斬
	Móng Cái	斬
Gan	Nanchang	砍, 剁
Hakka	Meixian	斬, 砍
Jin	Taiyuan	砍
Northern Min	Jian'ou	砍, 斫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	剉, 鍘
Southern Min	Xiamen	鏨, 砍, 斲
	Quanzhou	鏨, 斲
	Zhangzhou	鏨, 斲
	Taipei	鏨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鏨
	Kaohsiung	鏨
	Yilan	鏨
	Changhua (Lukang)	鏨
	Taichung	鏨, 斲
	Tainan	鏨
	Hsinchu	鏨, 斲
	Kinmen	鏨
	Penghu (Magong)	鏨
	Penang (Hokkien)	鏨
	Singapore (Hokkien)	斲, 斬
	Manila (Hokkien)	鏨
	Chaozhou	斬, 斲
	Shantou	斬
	Jieyang	斬, 斲
	Singapore (Teochew)	斲
	Pontianak (Teochew)	斬
Wu	Suzhou	㔍
Wu	Wenzhou	剉, 剁
Xiang	Changsha	砍, 剁
Xiang	Shuangfeng	剁, 砍

Compounds

一斬齊／一斩齐
三斬／三斩
不斬／不斩
不斬眼／不斩眼
中斬／中斩
俘斬／俘斩
先斬後奏／先斩后奏 (xiānzhǎnhòuzòu)
先斬後聞／先斩后闻
出斬／出斩
剉斬／剉斩
劈荊斬棘／劈荆斩棘
劈風斬浪／劈风斩浪
問斬／问斩 (wènzhǎn)
大有斬獲／大有斩获
寸斬／寸斩
屠斬／屠斩
市斬／市斩
律斬／律斩
快刀斬亂絲／快刀斩乱丝
快刀斬亂麻／快刀斩乱麻 (kuàidāo zhǎn luànmá)
快刀斬麻／快刀斩麻
截鐵斬釘／截铁斩钉
抄斬／抄斩 (chāozhǎn)
披荊斬棘／披荆斩棘 (pījīngzhǎnjí)
搴旗斬馘／搴旗斩馘
擊斬／击斩
斫斬／斫斩
斬伐／斩伐
斬候決／斩候决
斬假石／斩假石
斬冰／斩冰
斬切／斩切
斬刈／斩刈
斬刈殺伐／斩刈杀伐
斬刑／斩刑
斬刪／斩删
斬剉／斩剉
斬剮／斩剐
斬勘／斩勘
斬宗絕嗣／斩宗绝嗣
斬將刈旗／斩将刈旗
斬將奪旗／斩将夺旗
斬將搴旗／斩将搴旗 (zhǎnjiàngqiānqí)
斬岸／斩岸
斬平／斩平
斬截／斩截
斬戮／斩戮
斬捕／斩捕
斬撻／斩挞
斬斫／斩斫
斬斬／斩斩
斬斬剁剁／斩斩剁剁
斬斮／斩斮
斬新／斩新 (zhǎnxīn)
斬斷／斩断
斬旗／斩旗
斬木揭竿／斩木揭竿
斬木為兵／斩木为兵
斬板／斩板
斬梟／斩枭
斬標／斩标
斬殃／斩殃
斬殄／斩殄
斬殺／斩杀 (zhǎnshā)
斬毒／斩毒
斬決／斩决
斬滅／斩灭
斬焉／斩焉
斬然／斩然
斬版／斩版
斬犯／斩犯
斬獲／斩获
斬監候／斩监候
斬盡殺絕／斩尽杀绝
斬盡殺絶／斩尽杀绝
斬眼／斩眼
斬祀／斩祀
斬立決／斩立决
斬竿／斩竿
斬竿揭木／斩竿揭木
斬級／斩级
斬絕／斩绝
斬經堂／斩经堂
斬縗／斩缞
斬罪／斩罪
斬艾／斩艾
斬芟／斩芟
斬荊披棘／斩荆披棘
斬草除根／斩草除根 (zhǎncǎochúgēn)
斬薙／斩剃
斬蛇／斩蛇
斬蛇逐鹿／斩蛇逐鹿
斬蛟／斩蛟
斬衰／斩衰
斬袂／斩袂
斬衰冠／斩衰冠
斬袪／斩袪
斬釘切鐵／斩钉切铁
斬釘截鐵／斩钉截铁 (zhǎndīngjiétiě)
斬鋼截鐵／斩钢截铁
斬關／斩关
斬關奪隘／斩关夺隘
斬除／斩除
斬雞頭／斩鸡头
斬頭瀝血／斩头沥血
斬首／斩首 (zhǎnshǒu)
斬首示眾／斩首示众
斬馘／斩馘
斬馬／斩马
斬馬刀／斩马刀 (zhǎnmǎdāo)
斬馬劍／斩马剑
斬馬謖／斩马谡
斬齊／斩齐
斷斬／断斩
服斬／服斩
格斬／格斩
梟斬／枭斩
滿門抄斬／满门抄斩 (mǎnménchāozhǎn)
監斬／监斩
監斬官／监斩官
終斬／终斩
腰斬／腰斩 (yāozhǎn)
處斬／处斩 (chǔzhǎn)
衰斬／衰斩
要斬／要斩 (yāozhǎn)
誅斬／诛斩
論斬／论斩
跋隊斬／跋队斩
過關斬將／过关斩将 (guòguānzhǎnjiàng)
錯斬崔寧／错斩崔宁
陣斬／阵斩
陪斬／陪斩
駢斬／骈斩
麤縗斬／粗缞斩
齊斬／齐斩

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (斬):

→ Vietnamese: trảm (斬)

Others:

→ Thai: จาม (jaam)
→ Vietnamese: chém

References

“斬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chām / chǎm

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
  - Tâi-lô: tsām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /t͡sam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎm
  - Tâi-lô: tsǎm
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam²²/

Definitions

斬

(Hokkien) Alternative form of 鏨／錾

Japanese

Kanji

斬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
Kun: きる (kiru, 斬る, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

斬: Hán Nôm readings: trảm, chém

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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