finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth |
crowd; flock; group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (成群/成羣) | 成 | 群/羣 | |
| simp. (成群) | 成 | 群 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 成 | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 是征切 | 渠云切 |
| Baxter | dzyeng | gjun |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ | /ɡɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛŋ/ | /ɡiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑiæŋ/ | /ɡiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑiajŋ/ | /gun/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiɛŋ/ | /ɡiuən/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛŋ/ | /ɡĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛŋ/ | /gi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chéng | qún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sing4 | kwan4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 成 | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chéng | qún |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyeng › | ‹ gjun › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[d]eŋ/ | /*[ɡ]ur/ |
| English | to become (v.i.) | flock, herd, group |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 成 | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1417 | 7295 |
| Phonetic component |
成 | 君 |
| Rime group |
耕 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
成 | 羣 |
| Old Chinese |
/*djeŋ/ | /*ɡlun/ |
| Notes | 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成 |
羣字所注或體 |