寂寞

Chinese

		lonesome	lonesome
trad. (寂寞)		寂	寞
simp. ^#(寂寞)		寂	寞

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìmò, jímò

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄛˋ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ mok⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit-mok
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): che̍k-bo̍k / chia̍k-bo̍k / chi̍p-bo̍k / siok-bo̍k / chi̍t-bo̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): sog⁴ mog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìmò
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìmò
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-mo⁴
  - Yale: jì-mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihmoh
  - Palladius: цзимо (czimo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jímò
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jímò
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-mo⁴
  - Yale: jí-mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyimoh
  - Palladius: цзимо (czimo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    寂寞
    籍沒／籍没
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ mok⁶
  - Yale: jihk mohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ mok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ mog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² mɔːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit-mok
  - Hakka Romanization System: xid` mog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵ mog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sit̚² mok̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che̍k-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍k-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zegbok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sek̚⁴³⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍k-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsia̍k-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciagbok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚²⁴⁻² bɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍p-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍p-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cibbok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sip̚²⁴⁻² bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: siok-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siokbok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍t-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cidbok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sog⁴ mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sok̚²⁻⁴ mok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzek mak

Rime
Character	寂	寞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	前歷切	慕各切
Baxter	dzek	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛk̚/	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjk̚/	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ziek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik⁶	mok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːwɢ maːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzek ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[d]ˁiwk/
English	quiet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寂	寞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11734	9255
Phonetic component	尗	莫
Rime group	覺	鐸
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	寂	莫
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːwɢ/	/*maːɡ/

Adjective

寂寞

lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
孤單寂寞／孤单寂寞 ― gūdān jìmò ― solitary and lonesome
- 寂寞的雨聲捶阮心肝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  寂寞的雨声捶阮心肝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1999, 江蕙 (Jody Chiang), 落雨聲
  siok-bo̍k ê hō͘-siaⁿ tûi gún sim-koaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The lonesome pitter-patter beats my chest.
- 一路寂寞，不願繼續流浪孤單 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  一路寂寞，不愿继续流浪孤单 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2008, 詹雅雯, 真愛等一個人
  chi̍t-lō͘ siok-bo̍k, m̄-goān kè-sio̍k liû-lōng ko͘-toaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The whole journey [I] was lonely; [I] am not willing to continue wandering alone.
- 只有借著追憶安慰寂寞的靈魂 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  只有借著追忆安慰寂寞的灵魂 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2015, 陳百潭 and 曹雅雯 (Olivia Tsao), 相思痕
  chí-ū chioh-tio̍h tui-ek an-ùi siok-bo̍k ê lêng-hûn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  [I can] only use my recollections to comfort my desolate soul.
- 只有寂寞陪阮歸下晡 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  只有寂寞陪阮归下晡 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2013, 許富凱 (Henry Hsu), 阿里加多
  chí-ū siok-bo̍k pôe gún kui ē-po͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Only loneliness was with me the whole afternoon
- 聽這條寂寞寫的歌，乎心疼痛 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  听这条寂寞写的歌，乎心疼痛 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2014, 蕭煌奇 (Hsiao Huang-Chi), 命運點歌 (Destiny Calling)
  thiaⁿ chit tiâu siok-bo̍k siá ê koa, hō͘ sim thàng-thiàⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Listen to this song written by loneliness to feel the pain in your heart
- 寂寞的氣味已經霸佔阮歸暝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  寂寞的气味已经霸占阮归暝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2016, 王萊, 窗外的雨聲
  siok-bo̍k ê khì-bī í-keng pà-chiàm gún kui-mî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The smell of loneliness has occupied my whole night
quiet; still

Synonyms

(lonely):

俗 (Hokkien)
孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
孤寂 (gūjì)
孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
落寞 (luòmò)

(quiet):

和平 (hépíng)
嗼寂 (mòjì)
安恬 (āntián) (literary)
安生 (ānshēng)
安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
平和
平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
恬倓 (tiántán)
恬淡 (tiándàn)
恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
沉寂 (chénjì)
沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
自靜／自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

Derived terms

不甘寂寞 (bùgānjìmò)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (寂寞):

→ Japanese: 寂寞(せきばく) (sekibaku)
→ Korean: 적막(寂寞) (jeongmak)
→ Vietnamese: tịch mịch (寂寞)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
寂	寞
せき Grade: S	ばく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せきばく [sèkíbákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲiba̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

寂(せき)寞(ばく) • (sekibaku)

loneliness, desolation

Adjective

寂(せき)寞(ばく) • (sekibaku) ^†-tari (adnominal 寂(せき)寞(ばく)とした (sekibaku to shita) or 寂(せき)寞(ばく)たる (sekibaku taru), adverbial 寂(せき)寞(ばく)と (sekibaku to) or 寂(せき)寞(ばく)として (sekibaku to shite))

lonely, desolate

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
寂	寞

Noun

寂寞 • (jeongmak) (hangeul 적막)

Hanja form^? of 적막 (“loneliness, desolation”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
寂	寞

Adjective

寂寞

chữ Hán form of tịch mịch (“solitary, silent, quiet”).

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[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN