寂寥

Chinese

		lonesome	empty; lonesome; very few
trad. (寂寥)		寂	寥
simp. ^#(寂寥)		寂	寥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìliáo, jíliáo

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ liu⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìliáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìliáo
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-liao²
  - Yale: jì-lyáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihliau
  - Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jíliáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jíliáo
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-liao²
  - Yale: jí-lyáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyiliau
  - Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ liu⁴
  - Yale: jihk lìuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ liu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ liu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² liːu̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: dzek lew|lek

Rime
Character	寂	寥	寥
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)	蕭 (93)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	前歷切	落蕭切	郎擊切
Baxter	dzek	lew	lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛk̚/	/leu/	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjk̚/	/lɛw/	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ziek̚/	/lieu/	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiek̚/	/lieu/	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	liáo	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik⁶	liu⁴	lik⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːwɢ rɯːw|rɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzek ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[d]ˁiwk/
English	quiet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寂	寥	寥
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	11734	8366	8370
Phonetic component	尗	翏	翏
Rime group	覺	幽	覺
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	寂	聊	靂
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːwɢ/	/*rɯːw/	/*rɯːwɢ/
Notes		見老子說文作廫

Adjective

寂寥

Synonyms

(quiet):

和平 (hépíng)
嗼寂 (mòjì)
安恬 (āntián) (literary)
安生 (ānshēng)
安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
寂寞 (jìmò)
寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
平和
平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
恬倓 (tiántán)
恬淡 (tiándàn)
恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
沉寂 (chénjì)
沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
自靜／自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

(open): 空曠／空旷 (kōngkuàng), 空闊／空阔 (kōngkuò)
(lonely):

俗 (Hokkien)
孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
孤寂 (gūjì)
孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
寂寞 (jìmò)
挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
落寞 (luòmò)

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