stad
English
Further reading
- “stad”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
- “stad”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch stad, from Middle Dutch stat, from Old Dutch stad, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stat/
Audio (file)
Bavarian
Etymology
From Middle High German stat, a variant of stæt, whence German stet.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃd̥ɑˑd̥/
Derived terms
- håcknstad
- schmähstad
Descendants
- → German: stad
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish stath, from Old Norse staðr (“place, city”), from Proto-Germanic *stadiz. Originally the same word as sted (“place”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsd̥að]
Inflection
Further reading
- stad on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da (redirects to "by")
- “stad” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch stat, from Old Dutch stat, stedi (whence stede, stee), from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.
The plural has preserved the old Germanic umlaut in a morphological function, a rarity in Dutch. Several derived terms have umlaut as well.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɑt/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: stad
- Rhymes: -ɑt
Noun
stad f (plural steden, diminutive stadje n)
- city, town
- Amsterdam is een bruisende stad vol cultuur. ― Amsterdam is a bustling city full of culture.
- Ze verhuisde van een klein dorp naar een grote stad. ― She moved from a small village to a big city.
- Het stadje had een rijke geschiedenis. ― The small town had a rich history.
- the town/city centre
- Ik ben nu in de stad.
- I am now in town. I am now in the centre (of town).
- Ik ga de stad in.
- I am going into town.
Derived terms
- benedenstad
- binnenstad
- bovenstad
- centrumstad
- Domstad
- handelsstad
- havenstad
- Hofstad
- hoofdstad
- Keizerstad
- koopstad
- miljoenenstad
- provinciestad
- rijksstad
- slaapstad
- stad achter de duinen
- stadhuis
- stadsbeiaardier
- stadsbestuur
- stadsboer
- stadscentrum
- stadsdeel
- stadshart
- stadsjongen
- stadskern
- stadsleven
- stadslucht
- stadsmens
- stadsmuur
- stadsomroeper
- stadspoort
- stadsuitbreiding
- stadsuitleg
- stadsuitlegging
- stadsverwarming
- stedelijk
- stedeling
- stedenbouw
- stedendwinger
- tuinstad
- universiteitsstad
- voorstad
- vrijstad
Related terms
- stads
- stadten
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃd̥aˑd̥/
Audio (Austria) (file)
Adjective
stad (strong nominative masculine singular stader, not comparable)
- (Austria, Bavaria, Southern Germany, colloquial) quiet, silent
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist stad | sie ist stad | es ist stad | sie sind stad | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | stader | stade | stades | stade |
genitive | staden | stader | staden | stader | |
dative | stadem | stader | stadem | staden | |
accusative | staden | stade | stades | stade | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der stade | die stade | das stade | die staden |
genitive | des staden | der staden | des staden | der staden | |
dative | dem staden | der staden | dem staden | den staden | |
accusative | den staden | die stade | das stade | die staden | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein stader | eine stade | ein stades | (keine) staden |
genitive | eines staden | einer staden | eines staden | (keiner) staden | |
dative | einem staden | einer staden | einem staden | (keinen) staden | |
accusative | einen staden | eine stade | ein stades | (keine) staden |
Gothic
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish stad, from Latin status, perfect passive participle of stō (“stand, remain”). Doublet of stádas.
Verb
stad (present analytic stadann, future analytic stadfaidh, verbal noun stad, past participle stadta)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | stadaim | stadann tú; stadair† |
stadann sé, sí | stadaimid | stadann sibh | stadann siad; stadaid† |
a stadann; a stadas | stadtar |
past | stad mé; stadas | stad tú; stadais | stad sé, sí | stadamar; stad muid | stad sibh; stadabhair | stad siad; stadadar | a stad / ar stad* |
stadadh | |
past habitual | stadainn | stadtá | stadadh sé, sí | stadaimis; stadadh muid | stadadh sibh | stadaidís; stadadh siad | a stadadh / a stadadh* |
stadtaí | |
future | stadfaidh mé; stadfad |
stadfaidh tú; stadfair† |
stadfaidh sé, sí | stadfaimid; stadfaidh muid |
stadfaidh sibh | stadfaidh siad; stadfaid† |
a stadfaidh; a stadfas | stadfar | |
conditional | stadfainn | stadfá | stadfadh sé, sí | stadfaimis; stadfadh muid | stadfadh sibh | stadfaidís; stadfadh siad | a stadfadh / a stadfadh* |
stadfaí | |
subjunctive | present | go stada mé; go stadad† |
go stada tú; go stadair† |
go stada sé, sí | go stadaimid; go stada muid |
go stada sibh | go stada siad; go stadaid† |
— | go stadtar |
past | dá stadainn | dá stadtá | dá stadadh sé, sí | dá stadaimis; dá stadadh muid |
dá stadadh sibh | dá stadaidís; dá stadadh siad |
— | dá stadtaí | |
imperative | stadaim | stad | stadadh sé, sí | stadaimis | stadaigí; stadaidh† |
stadaidís | — | stadtar | |
verbal noun | stad | ||||||||
past participle | stadta |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
Noun
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- grianstad (“solstice”)
- stad bus (“bus stop”)
- imeallstad (“marginal stop”)
Maltese
Root |
---|
s-j-d |
5 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /staːt/
- Homophone: stat
Conjugation
Conjugation of stad | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | stadt | stadt | stad | stadna | stadtu | stadu | |
f | stadet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nistad | tistad | jistad | nistadu | tistadu | jistadu | |
f | tistad | |||||||
imperative | stad | stadu |
- Colloquially, the first and second persons of the perfect may be formed irregularly as stadejt, stadejna, stadejtu.
Middle English
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Danish stad, from Old Danish stath, from Old Norse staðr (“place, spot, city, town”), from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place, location”), from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis (“standing, position”), from *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”) + *-tis (“derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots”).
Synonyms
Related terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɑː/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse staðr, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.
Noun
stad m (definite singular staden, indefinite plural stader or stadar, definite plural stadene or stadane)
Synonyms
- elvebard
Etymology 3
Short form of av stad.
Synonyms
- av stad
- av garde
References
- “stad” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stat/
- Rhymes: -at
- Syllabification: stad
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin aestās, aestātem.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish stad, from Latin status, perfect passive participle of stō (“stand, remain”).
Conjugation
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | |||
independent | past | stad mi | stad thu | stad e/i | stad sinn | stad sibh | stad iad | stadadh |
future | stadaidh mi | stadaidh tu | stadaidh e/i | stadaidh sinn | stadaidh sibh | stadaidh iad | stadar stadtar | |
conditional | stadainn | stadadh tu | stadadh e/i | stadamaid stadadh sinn |
stadadh sibh | stadadh iad | stadtadh stadaist(e)1 | |
negative | past | cha do stad mi | cha do stad thu | cha do stad e/i | cha do stad sinn | cha do stad sibh | cha do stad iad | cha do stadadh |
future | cha stad mi | cha stad thu | cha stad e/i | cha stad sinn | cha stad sibh | cha stad iad | cha stadar cha stadtar | |
conditional | cha stadainn | cha stadadh tu | cha stadadh e/i | cha stadamaid cha stadadh sinn |
cha stadadh sibh | cha stadadh iad | cha stadtadh cha stadaist(e)1 | |
affirmative interrogative |
past | an do stad mi? | an do stad thu? | an do stad e/i? | an do stad sinn? | an do stad sibh? | an do stad iad? | an do stadadh? |
future | an stad mi? | an stad thu? | an stad e/i? | an stad sinn? | an stad sibh? | an stad iad? | an stadar? an stadtar? | |
conditional | an stadainn? | an stadadh tu? | an stadadh e/i? | an stadamaid? an stadadh sinn? |
an stadadh sibh? | an stadadh iad? | an stadtadh? an stadaist(e)1? | |
negative interrogative |
past | nach do stad mi? | nach do stad thu? | nach do stad e/i? | nach do stad sinn? | nach do stad sibh? | nach do stad iad? | nach do stadadh? |
future | nach stad mi? | nach stad thu? | nach stad e/i? | nach stad sinn? | nach stad sibh? | nach stad iad? | nach stadar? nach stadtar? | |
conditional | nach stadainn? | nach stadadh tu? | nach stadadh e/i? | nach stadamaid? nach stadadh sinn? |
nach stadadh sibh? | nach stadadh iad? | nach stadtadh? nach stadaist(e)1? | |
relative future |
affirmative | (ma) stadas mi | (ma) stadas thu | (ma) stadas e/i | (ma) stadas sinn | (ma) stadas sibh | (ma) stadas iad | (ma) stadar |
negative | (mur) stad mi | (mur) stad thu | (mur) stad e/i | (mur) stad sinn | (mur) stad sibh | (mur) stad iad | (mur) stadar (mur) stadtar | |
imperative | stadam | stad | stadadh e/i | stadamaid | stadaibh | stadadh iad | stadar stadtar | |
stem | stad | |||||||
verbal noun | stadadh | |||||||
past participle | stadta |
Derived terms
References
- Bauer, Mìchael. stad in "Am Faclair Beag"
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish staþer, from Old Norse staðr, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.
Pronunciation
audio (file) - IPA(key): /stɑːd/
- Rhymes: -ɑːd
Note that when used in compound words (e.g. stadsdel), stads- is pronounced IPA(key): /stats/.
Noun
stad c
Usage notes
Today Sweden has no legal definition of stad, settlements are instead defined via the terms centralort (“central locality”) and tätort (“dense(-ly populated) locality”). However; in 1995 Statistics Sweden defined stad as a built-up area with more than ten thousand inhabitants.
Declension
Declension of stad | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | stad | staden | städer | städerna |
Genitive | stads | stadens | städers | städernas |
Derived terms
- annorstädes (“elsewhere”)
- eldstad
- hamnstad
- huvudstad (“capital city”)
- industristad
- kuststad
- köpstad
- residensstad
- ruinstad
- sjöstad
- stadd
- stadsaktig
- stadsantikvarie
- stadsarkitekt
- stadsarkiv
- stadsarkivarie
- stadsauktion
- stadsbarn
- stadsbebyggelse
- stadsbefolkning
- stadsbibliotek (“city library”)
- stadsbibliotekarie
- stadsbild
- stadsbo
- stadsbud
- stadsbuss
- stadsbygd
- stadsbyggnadskonst
- stadsbyggnadskontor
- stadsbyggnadsnämnd
- stadsdel (“neighborhood; district, part of a city; suburb”)
- stadsdirektör
- stadserad
- stadserare
- stadsfullmäktig
- stadsförnyelse
- stadsgas
- stadsgata
- stadsgräns
- stadshotell
- stadshus
- stadsingenjör
- stadsjeep
- stadsjurist
- stadskamrer
- stadskansli
- stadskarta
- stadskontor
- stadskultur
- stadskärna (“city centre”)
- stadskörning
- stadslag
- stadslandskap
- stadsliknande
- stadsliv
- stadsläkare
- stadsmiljö
- stadsmission
- stadsmur
- stadsmuseum
- stadsmänniska
- stadsmässig
- stadsnotarie
- stadsombudsman
- stadspark
- stadsplan
- stadsplanering (“town planning”)
- stadsport
- stadsprivilegier
- stadsregister
- stadsresa
- stadsrevisor
- stadsrum
- stadsrättigheter
- stadssekreterare
- stadsstyrelse
- stadsteater
- stadstrafik
- stadsträdgårdsmästare
- stadstull
- stadsvandring
- stadsvapen
- stadsveterinär
- stadsvimmel
- stadsvy
- stadsäga
- stiftstad
- storstad (“metropolis”)
- uppstad
- världsstad
Descendants
- → Finnish: Stadi