rapar
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese rapar (“to shave”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably from Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌰𐍀𐍉𐌽 (*hrapōn), from Proto-Germanic *hrapōną (“to scrape”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreb- (“to turn; to touch”).[1] Doublet of rafar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈpaɾ/
Verb
rapar (first-person singular present rapo, first-person singular preterite rapei, past participle rapado)
- to shave
- to shear
- Synonym: tosquiar
- to scrape together dough
- to level (with the brim)
- 1412, José García Oro, editor, Galicia en la Baja Edad Media. Iglesia, señorío y nobleza, Santiago: Bibliófilos Gallegos, page 238:
- que page por esta medida cada lavrador que labrar con dous boys des e oyto medidas arrapadas e o que lavrar con huun boy nove medidas et o que lavrar con amarra tres medidas
- each peasant should pay by this measure: the one ploughing with two oxen, eighteen levelled measures; the one ploughing with one, nine measures; the one ploughing with a hoe, three
- to snatch
- 1814, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Aos coruñeses:
- En certa aldea traballou o ano pasado certo labrador certa porcion de terra: chegada a recolleita foi a segar, e colleu vinte pares de monllos, deles pagou o señor cura duos pares do desmo, pagou nove o señor amo; logo veu o señor cura, e rapoulle cinco polas toucas, quedaronlle catro, mallounos, e non lle deron un ferrado
- in certain village last year certain farmer farmed certain apportion of land: as the harvest came he went to reap; he collected twenty pairs of sheaves; of them he paid two pairs to the priest for the tithe, nine he paid to the landlord; then the priest came again and snatched five for the ecclesiastical services; he was left with four; he threshed them and obtained less than half a bushel
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | rapar | |||||
Personal | rapar | rapares | rapar | raparmos | rapardes | raparen |
Gerund | ||||||
rapando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | rapado | rapados | ||||
Feminine | rapada | rapadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | rapo | rapas | rapa | rapamos | rapades | rapan |
Imperfect | rapaba | rapabas | rapaba | rapabamos | rapabades | rapaban |
Preterite | rapei | rapaches | rapou | rapamos | rapastes | raparon |
Pluperfect | rapara | raparas | rapara | raparamos | raparades | raparan |
Future | raparei | raparás | rapará | raparemos | raparedes | raparán |
Conditional | raparía | raparías | raparía | rapariamos | rapariades | raparían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | rape | rapes | rape | rapemos | rapedes | rapen |
Imperfect | rapase | rapases | rapase | rapásemos | rapásedes | rapasen |
Future | rapar | rapares | rapar | raparmos | rapardes | raparen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | rapa | rape | rapemos | rapade | rapen | |
Negative (non) | non rapes | non rape | non rapemos | non rapedes | non rapen |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
- rapa
- rapa das bestas
- rapaconas
- rapacús
- rapada
- rapadoira
- rapante
References
- “rapar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “rapa” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “rapar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “rapar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “rapar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “rapar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese rapar (“to shave”), from Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌰𐍀𐍉𐌽 (*hrapōn), from Proto-Germanic *hrapōną (“to scrape”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreb- (“to turn; to touch”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁaˈpa(ʁ)/ [haˈpa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ʁaˈpa(ɾ)/ [haˈpa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ʁaˈpa(ʁ)/ [χaˈpa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁaˈpa(ɻ)/ [haˈpa(ɻ)]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʁɐˈpaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ʁɐˈpa.ɾi/
Verb
rapar (first-person singular present rapo, first-person singular preterite rapei, past participle rapado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | rapar | |||||
Personal | rapar | rapares | rapar | raparmos | rapardes | raparem |
Gerund | ||||||
rapando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | rapado | rapados | ||||
Feminine | rapada | rapadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | rapo | rapas | rapa | rapamos | rapais | rapam |
Imperfect | rapava | rapavas | rapava | rapávamos | rapáveis | rapavam |
Preterite | rapei | rapaste | rapou | rapamos1, rapámos2 | rapastes | raparam |
Pluperfect | rapara | raparas | rapara | rapáramos | rapáreis | raparam |
Future | raparei | raparás | rapará | raparemos | rapareis | raparão |
Conditional | raparia | raparias | raparia | raparíamos | raparíeis | rapariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | rape | rapes | rape | rapemos | rapeis | rapem |
Imperfect | rapasse | rapasses | rapasse | rapássemos | rapásseis | rapassem |
Future | rapar | rapares | rapar | raparmos | rapardes | raparem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | rapa | rape | rapemos | rapai | rapem | |
Negative (não) | não rapes | não rape | não rapemos | não rapeis | não rapem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
Etymology
From Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌰𐍀𐍉𐌽 (*hrapōn, “to pull out”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapōną (“to seize”).
Cognate with Middle High German raffen, Dutch rapen, English rap.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈpaɾ/ [raˈpaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ra‧par
Verb
rapar (first-person singular present rapo, first-person singular preterite rapé, past participle rapado)
Conjugation
infinitive | rapar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | rapando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | rapado | rapada | |||||
plural | rapados | rapadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | rapo | rapastú rapásvos |
rapa | rapamos | rapáis | rapan | |
imperfect | rapaba | rapabas | rapaba | rapábamos | rapabais | rapaban | |
preterite | rapé | rapaste | rapó | rapamos | rapasteis | raparon | |
future | raparé | raparás | rapará | raparemos | raparéis | raparán | |
conditional | raparía | raparías | raparía | raparíamos | raparíais | raparían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | rape | rapestú rapésvos2 |
rape | rapemos | rapéis | rapen | |
imperfect (ra) |
rapara | raparas | rapara | rapáramos | raparais | raparan | |
imperfect (se) |
rapase | rapases | rapase | rapásemos | rapaseis | rapasen | |
future1 | rapare | rapares | rapare | rapáremos | rapareis | raparen | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | rapatú rapávos |
rape | rapemos | rapad | rapen | ||
negative | no rapes | no rape | no rapemos | no rapéis | no rapen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive rapar | |||||||
dative | raparme | raparte | raparle, raparse | raparnos | raparos | raparles, raparse | |
accusative | raparme | raparte | raparlo, raparla, raparse | raparnos | raparos | raparlos, raparlas, raparse | |
with gerund rapando | |||||||
dative | rapándome | rapándote | rapándole, rapándose | rapándonos | rapándoos | rapándoles, rapándose | |
accusative | rapándome | rapándote | rapándolo, rapándola, rapándose | rapándonos | rapándoos | rapándolos, rapándolas, rapándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative rapa | |||||||
dative | rápame | rápate | rápale | rápanos | not used | rápales | |
accusative | rápame | rápate | rápalo, rápala | rápanos | not used | rápalos, rápalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative rapá | |||||||
dative | rapame | rapate | rapale | rapanos | not used | rapales | |
accusative | rapame | rapate | rapalo, rapala | rapanos | not used | rapalos, rapalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative rape | |||||||
dative | rápeme | not used | rápele, rápese | rápenos | not used | rápeles | |
accusative | rápeme | not used | rápelo, rápela, rápese | rápenos | not used | rápelos, rápelas | |
with first-person plural imperative rapemos | |||||||
dative | not used | rapémoste | rapémosle | rapémonos | rapémoos | rapémosles | |
accusative | not used | rapémoste | rapémoslo, rapémosla | rapémonos | rapémoos | rapémoslos, rapémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative rapad | |||||||
dative | rapadme | not used | rapadle | rapadnos | rapaos | rapadles | |
accusative | rapadme | not used | rapadlo, rapadla | rapadnos | rapaos | rapadlos, rapadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative rapen | |||||||
dative | rápenme | not used | rápenle | rápennos | not used | rápenles, rápense | |
accusative | rápenme | not used | rápenlo, rápenla | rápennos | not used | rápenlos, rápenlas, rápense |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “rapar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014