punir

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan punir, from Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [puˈni]
  • IPA(key): (Valencian) [puˈniɾ]
  • Audio(file)

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puneixo, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punit)

  1. (transitive) to punish
    Synonym: castigar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of punir (third conjugation, with -eix-)
infinitive punir
gerund punint
past participle masculine feminine
singular punit punida
plural punits punides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present puneixo puneixes puneix punim puniu puneixen
imperfect punia punies punia puníem puníeu punien
future puniré puniràs punirà punirem punireu puniran
preterite puní punires puní punírem puníreu puniren
conditional puniria puniries puniria puniríem puniríeu punirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present puneixi puneixis puneixi punim puniu puneixin
imperfect punís punissis punís puníssim puníssiu punissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — puneix puneixi punim puniu puneixin
negative (no) — no puneixis no puneixi no punim no puniu no puneixin

References

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /py.niʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb

punir

  1. to punish

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple punir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple punissant
/py.ni.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle puni
/py.ni/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present punis
/py.ni/		 punis
/py.ni/		 punit
/py.ni/		 punissons
/py.ni.sɔ̃/		 punissez
/py.ni.se/		 punissent
/py.nis/
imperfect punissais
/py.ni.sɛ/		 punissais
/py.ni.sɛ/		 punissait
/py.ni.sɛ/		 punissions
/py.ni.sjɔ̃/		 punissiez
/py.ni.sje/		 punissaient
/py.ni.sɛ/
past historic2 punis
/py.ni/		 punis
/py.ni/		 punit
/py.ni/		 punîmes
/py.nim/		 punîtes
/py.nit/		 punirent
/py.niʁ/
future punirai
/py.ni.ʁe/		 puniras
/py.ni.ʁa/		 punira
/py.ni.ʁa/		 punirons
/py.ni.ʁɔ̃/		 punirez
/py.ni.ʁe/		 puniront
/py.ni.ʁɔ̃/
conditional punirais
/py.ni.ʁɛ/		 punirais
/py.ni.ʁɛ/		 punirait
/py.ni.ʁɛ/		 punirions
/py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/		 puniriez
/py.ni.ʁje/		 puniraient
/py.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present punisse
/py.nis/		 punisses
/py.nis/		 punisse
/py.nis/		 punissions
/py.ni.sjɔ̃/		 punissiez
/py.ni.sje/		 punissent
/py.nis/
imperfect2 punisse
/py.nis/		 punisses
/py.nis/		 punît
/py.ni/		 punissions
/py.ni.sjɔ̃/		 punissiez
/py.ni.sje/		 punissent
/py.nis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — punis
/py.ni/		 — punissons
/py.ni.sɔ̃/		 punissez
/py.ni.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Galician

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /puˈniɾ/ [puˈniɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Hyphenation: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punín, past participle punido)
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punim or puni, past participle punido, reintegrationist norm)

  1. (transitive) to punish
    Synonym: castigar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of punir
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti)		 Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal punir
Personal punir punires punir punirmos punirdes puniren
Gerund
punindo
Past participle
Masculine punido punidos
Feminine punida punidas
Indicative
Present puno punes pune punimos punides punen
Imperfect punía punías punía puniamos puniades punían
Preterite punín puniches puniu punimos punistes puniron
Pluperfect punira puniras punira puniramos punirades puniran
Future punirei punirás punirá puniremos puniredes punirán
Conditional puniría punirías puniría puniriamos puniriades punirían
Subjunctive
Present puna punas puna punamos punades punan
Imperfect punise punises punise punísemos punísedes punisen
Future punir punires punir punirmos punirdes puniren
Imperative
Affirmative pune puna punamos punide punan
Negative (non) non punas non puna non punamos non punades non punan
    Reintegrated conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti / tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal punir
Personal punir punires punir punirmos punirdes punirem
Gerund
punindo
Past participle
Masculine punido punidos
Feminine punida punidas
Indicative
Present puno punes pune punimos punides, punis punem
Imperfect punia punias punia puníamos puníades, puníeis, puníais1 puniam
Preterite punim, puni puniste, puniche1 puniu punimos punistes punírom, puniram
Pluperfect punira puniras punira puníramos punírades, puníreis, punírais1 puniram
Future punirei punirás punirá puniremos puniredes, punireis punirám, punirão
Conditional puniria punirias puniria puniríamos puniríades, puniríeis, puniríais1 puniriam
Subjunctive
Present puna punas puna punamos punades, punais punam
Imperfect punisse punisses punisse puníssemos puníssedes, punísseis punissem
Future punir punires punir punirmos punirdes punirem
Imperative
Affirmative pune puna punamos punide, puni punam
Negative (nom) nom punas nom puna nom punamos nom punades, nom punais nom punam

1Less recommended.

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

  1. to punish

Descendants
  • French: punir

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

punir

  1. to punish
    Synonym: castigar

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

  1. to punish

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive punir avoir puni
gerund en punissant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle punissant
past participle puni
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present punis punis punist punissons punissez punissent
imperfect punissoie, punisseie punissoies, punisseies punissoit, punisseit punissiiens, punissiens punissiiez, punissiez punissoient, punisseient
preterite puni punis puni punimes punistes punirent
future punirai puniras punira punirons puniroiz, punireiz, punirez puniront
conditional puniroie, punireie puniroies, punireies puniroit, punireit puniriiens, puniriens puniriiez, puniriez puniroient, punireient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present punisse punisses punisse punissons punissez punissent
imperfect punisse punisses punist punissons, punissiens punissoiz, punissez, punissiez punissent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— punis — punissons punissez —

Descendants

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

  1. to punish

Descendants

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /puˈni(ʁ)/ [puˈni(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /puˈni(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /puˈni(ʁ)/ [puˈni(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /puˈni(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /puˈniɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /puˈni.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puni, past participle punido)

  1. (transitive) to punish

Conjugation
    Conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal punir
Personal punir punires punir punirmos punirdes punirem
Gerund
punindo
Past participle
Masculine punido punidos
Feminine punida punidas
Indicative
Present puno punes pune punimos punis punem
Imperfect punia punias punia puníamos puníeis puniam
Preterite puni puniste puniu punimos punistes puniram
Pluperfect punira puniras punira puníramos puníreis puniram
Future punirei punirás punirá puniremos punireis punirão
Conditional puniria punirias puniria puniríamos puniríeis puniriam
Subjunctive
Present puna punas puna punamos punais punam
Imperfect punisse punisses punisse puníssemos punísseis punissem
Future punir punires punir punirmos punirdes punirem
Imperative
Affirmative pune puna punamos puni punam
Negative (não) não punas não puna não punamos não punais não punam

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /puˈniɾ/ [puˈniɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)

  1. (transitive) to punish
    Synonym: castigar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive punir
gerund puniendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular punido punida
plural punidos punidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present puno punestú
punísvos		 pune punimos punís punen
imperfect punía punías punía puníamos puníais punían
preterite puní puniste punió punimos punisteis punieron
future puniré punirás punirá puniremos puniréis punirán
conditional puniría punirías puniría puniríamos puniríais punirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present puna punastú
punásvos2		 puna punamos punáis punan
imperfect
(ra)		 puniera punieras puniera puniéramos punierais punieran
imperfect
(se)		 puniese punieses puniese puniésemos punieseis puniesen
future1 puniere punieres puniere puniéremos puniereis punieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative punetú
punívos		 puna punamos punid punan
negative no punas no puna no punamos no punáis no punan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of punir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive punir
dative punirme punirte punirle, punirse punirnos puniros punirles, punirse
accusative punirme punirte punirlo, punirla, punirse punirnos puniros punirlos, punirlas, punirse
with gerund puniendo
dative puniéndome puniéndote puniéndole, puniéndose puniéndonos puniéndoos puniéndoles, puniéndose
accusative puniéndome puniéndote puniéndolo, puniéndola, puniéndose puniéndonos puniéndoos puniéndolos, puniéndolas, puniéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pune
dative púneme púnete púnele púnenos not used púneles
accusative púneme púnete púnelo, púnela púnenos not used púnelos, púnelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative puní
dative punime punite punile puninos not used puniles
accusative punime punite punilo, punila puninos not used punilos, punilas
with formal second-person singular imperative puna
dative púname not used púnale, púnase púnanos not used púnales
accusative púname not used púnalo, púnala, púnase púnanos not used púnalos, púnalas
with first-person plural imperative punamos
dative not used punámoste punámosle punámonos punámoos punámosles
accusative not used punámoste punámoslo, punámosla punámonos punámoos punámoslos, punámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative punid
dative punidme not used punidle punidnos puníos punidles
accusative punidme not used punidlo, punidla punidnos puníos punidlos, punidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative punan
dative púnanme not used púnanle púnannos not used púnanles, púnanse
accusative púnanme not used púnanlo, púnanla púnannos not used púnanlos, púnanlas, púnanse

Derived terms

Further reading
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